Jose Ingenieros Biography

José Ingenieros

(Buenos Aires, 1877-1925) Argentine philosopher.He studied medicine at the University of Buenos Aires, and was a professor of experimental psychology at that university.He is considered one of the maximum representatives of positivism in Latin America.

He wrote his doctoral thesis, The simulation in the struggle for life (1903), in clear consonance with the current Darwinian prevailing in Argentina at that time.In this regard, and as a member of the Socialist Party, he also defended the idea that the class struggle was one of the many manifestations of the struggle for life.

José Engineers

His interest in psychiatric, criminological and psychophysiological problems, together with the influence of European positivists such as Spencer or Comte, made him take as a starting point for his philosophical work a positivism of a scientist nature.However, Ingenieros's philosophical thought developed over time beyond this starting point.He never abandoned naturalism, and he always opposed any supernaturalist or transcendental philosophy; however, he was able to make this position compatible with the necessity and possibility of metaphysics.

In his Propositions relating to the future of philosophy (1918), he affirms the existence of an "inexperienced residue outside of experience", which is not something supernatural, transcendental or absolute , although not something unintelligible or unknowable.This residue, which is not insurmountable for human knowledge, is precisely the object of metaphysics, as a discipline essentially different from traditional metaphysics; It is a new metaphysics, which is helped by logic in its reasoning, and which is characterized by its universality, antidogmatism and objectivity.

Among his works, all of them highly influential in Latin American thought, In addition to those mentioned, the following stand out: Simulation of madness in the struggle for life (1903), Argentine Sociology (1908), Principles of genetic psychology (1911) and The mediocre man (1913).His work The evolution of Argentine ideas (2 vols., 1918-1920) marks directions in the understanding of historical development as a nation.

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