Adolf Hitler
(Braunau, Bohemia, 1889-Berlin, 1945) Top leader of Nazi Germany.After being appointed chancellor in 1933, he liquidated the democratic institutions of the republic and established a one-party dictatorship (the Nazi party, short for the National Socialist Party), from which he brutally repressed all opposition and promoted a formidable propaganda apparatus at the service of his ideas.: superiority of the Aryan race, nationalist and pan-Germanic exaltation, revenge militarism, anti-communism and anti-Semitism.
Adolf Hitler
The doctrine of "living space" and the pan-German ideal of uniting the German-speaking peoples would lead him to aggressive expansionism; In support of his belligerent policy, Hitler rearmed Germany and reorganized and modernized his army into a fearsome machine.France and Great Britain consented to the annexation of Austria and the occupation of Czechoslovakia, but the German invasion of Poland finally triggered World War II (1939-45), the first phase of which gave Hitler control of all of Europe except Great Britain.The failed invasion of Russia and the intervention of the United States reversed the course of the contest; Despite the inevitable defeat, Hitler rejected all negotiations, dragged Germany into desperate resistance and committed suicide in his bunker a few days before the fall of Berlin.
Biography
The son of an Austrian customs officer, his childhood was spent in Linz and his youth in Vienna.Adolf Hitler's training was scant and self-taught, as he hardly received any education.In Vienna (1907-13) he failed in his vocation as a painter, he lived badly as a vagabond and saw his racist prejudices grow before the spectacle of a cosmopolitan city, whose intellectual and multicultural vitality was completely incomprehensible to him.His conversion to Germanic nationalism and anti-Semitism dates from that time.
Only Churchill's Britain resisted the invasion attempt (air battle of England, 1940); But Hitler's fortunes began to change when he launched the invasion of Russia (1941), responding both to a basic anti-communist ideal in Nazism and to the project of wresting from the "lower" East Slavic race the "living space" that he dreamed of for make Germany great.From the Battle of Stalingrad (1943), the course of the war was reversed, and the Soviet forces began a counteroffensive that would not stop until they took Berlin in 1945; simultaneously, the western front was reopened with the massive contribution of men and arms from the United States (involved in the war since 1941), which allowed the Normandy landings (1944).
Defeated and all his projects failed, Hitler saw how his collaborators began to abandon him while Germany itself was harassed by the allied armies; in his limited worldview there was no room for compromise or surrender, so he dragged his country to catastrophe.After having shaken the world with his dream of world hegemony of the German "race", provoking a total war on a planetary scale and an unprecedented genocide in the concentration camps, Hitler committed suicide in the bunker of the Chancellery where he had taken refuge., a few days after the entry of the Russians into Berlin.
More information in the monograph on Adolf Hitler.
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