Skip to main content

The People's Republic of China

It is said that China is a country that smells like tradition, customs and effort .One of the oldest civilizations in the world, a country ruled for hundreds of years by hereditary absolutist monarchies called Dynasties .China seemed to have anchored in time, its forbidden city, sanctuary of the monarchies and spaces where the nobility lived very differently from their population.But as we will see below, different events led to a popular revolution, creating a new concept of country called People's Republic of China .Because the Dynasties disappeared after so long, because its name was changed from Republic of China to Republic Popular of China.

The People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China | The End of the Dynasties

The first dynasty that ruled in the country was the Xia dynasty , a dynasty that practically has not been recorded except for the literary records that place his government around 2,205 BC From this first dynasty to the last, which governed from 1644 to 1912, the Qing dynasty , thousands of years of tradition, culture and science that began to falter towards the end of the 19th century.

The People's Republic of China

Forbidden City

The 19th century was a very convulsive century for the Chinese population, the constant incursions of the Northern peoples, especially from the Huns, caused a migratory movement difficult to absorb. Years of poor harvests and a population as large as China caused one of the greatest catastrophes such as the Hungry one suffered in the northern part of the country, a famine that caused approximately thirteen million deaths.

At the end of the 19th century , the idea of ​​establishing a constitutional monarchy I take Emperor Guangxu to undertake a series of reforms, but they were quickly aborted after being overthrown in a coup devised by the Empress Cixi.

The People's Republic of China

Cixi poses with all the imperial splendor

Maybe the idea of ​​Empress Cixi it was not to modify the monarchical system, but if it was in charge of modernizing the country, it is due to the arrival of the railroad or the telegraph, while modifying certain practices that were considered traditional as it was the legging of Chinese women's feet.

The People's Republic of China | The Rebellion of the Boxes

But the so-called Rebellion of the Boxers , managed to weaken the government of Cixi and therefore of the Qing dynasty.

called Rebelion de los Boxer began in late 1899 and ended in September 1901, it was a movement against foreign influence in different sectors such as commerce, religion or politics.movement in favor of old traditions and against progress.

The rebellion ended with the Xinchou Treaty or Boxer Protocol. A treaty for which China promised to execute the officers involved in the rebellion as well as indemnify the winning countries with more than three hundred million dollars as war damages, a payment that should be paid in a period of 40 years.

The People's Republic of China

Boxer's Rebellion

The winning countries en and signatories of the Boxer Protocol were:

  • Germany
  • Austria
  • Hungary
  • Belgium
  • France
  • United States
  • Spain
  • United Kingdom
  • Italy
  • Japon
  • Netherlands
  • Russia

Commercial advantages and permission to establish troops between the capital Beijing and the Yellow Sea, were an essential part of the signing of the treaty

The People's Republic of China

Boxer-Repression Rebellion

The Qing dynasty weakened by events at that had to face during the nineteenth century as the different Opium Wars against the British Empire that led them to have to sign very unequal treaties with great economic compensation and even the loss of territories in favor of Great Brittany as was the loss of the Port of Hong Kong.

The People's Republic of China

In a few weeks , the Japanese controlled the east-west corridor from Beijing to Tianjin, in the Gulf of Chihli.

Wars like the Sino-Japanese between 1894-1895, whereby lost the island of Taiwan in the hands of Japan, as well as the influence that China had on Korea.All these wars and rebellions such as Miao, Nien, Panthay, weakened the government creating a state of discomfort among the Chinese population.

The People's Republic of China

Xinhai Chinese Revolution

Laultima revolution of Xinhai in 1911, ended with millennia of tradition and dynastic culture, giving rise to the Republic of China.

People's Republic of China | The Republic of China

After the Xinhai Revolution, on the first day of January 1912, the Republic of China was proclaimed.The first president Sun Yat-Sen, leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party, although this would hold his office ephemerally. In 1915, a former general belonging to the Qing dynasty called Yuan Shikai was self-proclaimed Emperor of China.

The People's Republic of China

Sun Yat-Sen

This proclamation did not please the Chinese people and the new army.Without the support of the army and with the discontent of the Chinese people, Yuan Shikai, he was forced to abdicate and re-establish the Republic of China.

The People's Republic of China

Kuomintang

China's political situation was very weakened, despite having been recognized by the international community, power remained concentrated in the great regional lords.The situation changed in the late 1920s, when the Chinese Nationalist Party or Kuomintang, I can reunify under the mandate of Chiang Kai Shek , the country.

The People's Republic of China | The People's Republic of China

Transfer the capital of Beijing to Nankin and dedicate its policy to the development and modernization of China, with the only idea of ​​getting a democratic and modern China.the outbreak of the Chinese Civil War in 1949 , the communist party of Mao Zedong , was declared the winner.

The People's Republic of China

Chinese Civil War in 1949-Mao Zedong

Everything the Chinese nationalist party had fought against communism and in favor of a democracy , it had collapsed. In 1949 in Beijing the People's Republic of China was proclaimed. The political opponents who found refuge on the Island of Taiwan, creating in it its own Republic of China since the revolution never got control of it.

The People's Republic of China

Island of Taiwan

From 1949 until today, the Republic of China has continued to claim its right legitimate by the government of China, being recognized by much of the international community. Nowadays Taiwan is still the Republic of China, while for the rest of the country the name is that of People's Republic of China, making clear the difference in regimes.

The People's Republic of China

For the next entries, we will continue to develop the fascinating history of China, its situation today, the economic colossus in which it has become or how it lives and develops its society and its technology.

History Today Online has taken into account the theme developed in This article and we have looked for other related topics that may also interest you such as:

The People's Republic of China | Image GalleryThe People's Republic of China

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Egon Eiermann Biography

Egon Eiermann (Neuendorf, 1904-Baden-Baden, 1970) German architect.He was a disciple of H.Poelzig and was influenced by Mies van der Rohe.He brought the rationalist tradition to the utmost technological and functional refinement (Blumberg handkerchief factory, Merkur department store in Stuttgart).
Post a Comment
Read more

The human evolution: hominization process

The DNA of human beings only differs from the DNA of chimpanzees by 1.24%.That is, we share 98.76% of our genetic traits.The great difference between chimpanzees and humans that this small percentage, is explained through the human evolution and the main processes of hominization that our species has suffered throughout what we know as prehistory, when our ancestors They were hunters and gatherers: the skeletal changes associated with the upright position, the increase in cranial capacity and the birth of immature offspring. Article index Human evolution: hominization process The study of human evolution begins in 1859 with the publication of "The Origin of Species" by Charles Darwin , where he exposes his Evo Theory lucion, based on three fundamental premises: Different species have their origin in the evolution of a previous species. This evolution is governed by the principle of Natural Selection .Only those species that best adapt to the changes evolve. ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Heinrich Gentz Biography

Heinrich Gentz ​​ (Wroclaw, 1766-Berlin, 1811) German architect.He is one of the best exponents of the first German classicism.He looked for the relationship between the façade and the character of the buildings and between the internal layout and the use to which they were intended.
Post a Comment
Read more

Guillermo Cabrera Infante Biography

Guillermo Cabrera Infante (Gibara, Cuba, 1929) Cuban writer, nationalized British.In 1951 he founded the Cuban Cinematheque, of which he was director until General Batista ordered its closure, a work that he combined with his articles on film criticism for the magazine Carteles, which he published under the pseudonym G.Caín (1954-1960).He also directed the literary magazine Monday of Revolution, banned in 1961 by Castro.In 1966 he published his first renowned novel, Tres tristes tigres, whose experimental nature lies in the ingenious use of language in its most colloquial register and the constant play of winks and references to other literary works.He was a diplomat in Brussels, until he definitively broke with the Castro regime and settled in London.He has written other outstanding novels, such as Vista delmanecer en el tropico (1974), Exorcismos de esti (l) o (1976) and essays such as Vidas para leerlas (1998).In 1998 he received the Cervantes Prize.
Post a Comment
Read more

Heinrich bullinger Biography

Heinrich Bullinger (Bremgarten, 1504-Zurich, 1575) German Protestant theologian.On the death of Zwingli and expelled by the Catholics, he took refuge in Zurich.He wrote the first and second Helvetic Confession of Faith (1536 and 1566).
Post a Comment
Read more

Space, change and permanence ... elements to understand history

In some of our latest articles we have analyzed different aspects of knowledge construction historical .In the latter post we have to reflect on the historical categories of " space ", " change " and " permanence " and its importance to sharpen our understanding of the history . Old Map of Colonia del Sacramento , disputed by Portuguese and Spanish for its strategic location in the Rio de la Plata As we know the History studies human societies in the past .Y of course, these societies lived in a territory ( space ) in particular, so whenever we start studying a society of the past we must place it in space and time. The space is a very important aspect e to study the History. Each territory has its own characteristics that can be decisive for understanding many aspects of a society .For example: what economic production does it do, trade routes, the distribution of the population, the strategies in wars, etc.In addition, soc...
Post a Comment
Read more

Antonio Pitloo Biography

Antonio Pitloo (Arnhem, 1791-Naples, 1837) Dutch painter.In 1815 he settled in Naples.Together with G.Gigante, he was the founder and essential figure of the Posillipo School, and an important Italian landscape painter of the s.XIX.
Post a Comment
Read more

Emilio Ravignani Biography

Emilio Ravignani (Buenos Aires, 1886-1954) Argentine historian, specialist in the History of Law and the History of Constitutionalism.He was, along with Rómulo Carbia, Ricardo Levene and Luis María Torres, one of the most prominent components of the so-called New Argentine Historical School, characterized by combining the classic components of the southern historiographic school with the new elements from Europe, especially the institutionalist current. Ravignani studied at the Faculty of Law and Social Sciences in his hometown, graduating in 1909.In that same year he began teaching at the Higher Institute of Secondary Teachers, taking charge of the subject of History of America.Later, he was professor of Argentine Constitutional History at the Faculty of Legal and Social Sciences of the Universidad de la Plata; from the University of La Plata, he went on to the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the University of Buenos Aires, where he returned to take up the subject of America...
Post a Comment
Read more

The Battle of Trafalgar - Background, Characters, Countries, Battle and Consequences

The Battle of Trafalgar, rivers of ink have been poured over a naval battle of such caliber. English ships against a Franco-Spanish Aramade, the tension between these three countries not resolved for centuries, seemed to settle in this terrible battle.But what caused this confrontation, what characters intervened, where the battle took place or what consequences it had.This and other questions are going to answer them in this article that we have titled The Battle of Trafalgar-Background, Characters, Countries, Battle and Consequences , let us know all the data, how a battle was created that has inspired great writers and film directors. Index of the article The Battle of Trafalgar | Background Spain, France and England throughout history have coincided in terms of interests, the three countries with a strong tendency to colonialism and expansion territorial, they have often been harmed their interests.Roughs that have been limited on some occasions through treaties and...
Post a Comment
Read more

Hugo Eckener Biography

Hugo Eckener (Flensburg, 1868-Friedrichshafen, 1954) German aeronaut, one of the promoters of the famous zeppelins of the interwar era.Eckener carried out his aeronautics studies at three German universities: Munich, Berlin and Leipzig. Hugo Eckener After finishing his degree, he joined the Zeppelin factory, where he would develop rigid airplanes, as well as the lightest airplane in the world for fly around the earth.During World War I, Eckener dedicated himself to teaching German war pilots, while directing the construction of 88 zeppelins for German aviation. After the war, Eckener took over the reins of Ferdinand von Zeppelin's factory, when he died in 1918, and he became president of it in 1924.In that time interval he devoted himself mainly to popularizing business travel.In that same year he directed the ZR-3 flight between the German city of Friedrichshafen (Berlin) to the North American city of Lakehurst (New Jersey).This airship was built for the United States as ...
Post a Comment
Read more