Skip to main content

The People's Republic of China

It is said that China is a country that smells like tradition, customs and effort .One of the oldest civilizations in the world, a country ruled for hundreds of years by hereditary absolutist monarchies called Dynasties .China seemed to have anchored in time, its forbidden city, sanctuary of the monarchies and spaces where the nobility lived very differently from their population.But as we will see below, different events led to a popular revolution, creating a new concept of country called People's Republic of China .Because the Dynasties disappeared after so long, because its name was changed from Republic of China to Republic Popular of China.

The People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China | The End of the Dynasties

The first dynasty that ruled in the country was the Xia dynasty , a dynasty that practically has not been recorded except for the literary records that place his government around 2,205 BC From this first dynasty to the last, which governed from 1644 to 1912, the Qing dynasty , thousands of years of tradition, culture and science that began to falter towards the end of the 19th century.

The People's Republic of China

Forbidden City

The 19th century was a very convulsive century for the Chinese population, the constant incursions of the Northern peoples, especially from the Huns, caused a migratory movement difficult to absorb. Years of poor harvests and a population as large as China caused one of the greatest catastrophes such as the Hungry one suffered in the northern part of the country, a famine that caused approximately thirteen million deaths.

At the end of the 19th century , the idea of ​​establishing a constitutional monarchy I take Emperor Guangxu to undertake a series of reforms, but they were quickly aborted after being overthrown in a coup devised by the Empress Cixi.

The People's Republic of China

Cixi poses with all the imperial splendor

Maybe the idea of ​​Empress Cixi it was not to modify the monarchical system, but if it was in charge of modernizing the country, it is due to the arrival of the railroad or the telegraph, while modifying certain practices that were considered traditional as it was the legging of Chinese women's feet.

The People's Republic of China | The Rebellion of the Boxes

But the so-called Rebellion of the Boxers , managed to weaken the government of Cixi and therefore of the Qing dynasty.

called Rebelion de los Boxer began in late 1899 and ended in September 1901, it was a movement against foreign influence in different sectors such as commerce, religion or politics.movement in favor of old traditions and against progress.

The rebellion ended with the Xinchou Treaty or Boxer Protocol. A treaty for which China promised to execute the officers involved in the rebellion as well as indemnify the winning countries with more than three hundred million dollars as war damages, a payment that should be paid in a period of 40 years.

The People's Republic of China

Boxer's Rebellion

The winning countries en and signatories of the Boxer Protocol were:

  • Germany
  • Austria
  • Hungary
  • Belgium
  • France
  • United States
  • Spain
  • United Kingdom
  • Italy
  • Japon
  • Netherlands
  • Russia

Commercial advantages and permission to establish troops between the capital Beijing and the Yellow Sea, were an essential part of the signing of the treaty

The People's Republic of China

Boxer-Repression Rebellion

The Qing dynasty weakened by events at that had to face during the nineteenth century as the different Opium Wars against the British Empire that led them to have to sign very unequal treaties with great economic compensation and even the loss of territories in favor of Great Brittany as was the loss of the Port of Hong Kong.

The People's Republic of China

In a few weeks , the Japanese controlled the east-west corridor from Beijing to Tianjin, in the Gulf of Chihli.

Wars like the Sino-Japanese between 1894-1895, whereby lost the island of Taiwan in the hands of Japan, as well as the influence that China had on Korea.All these wars and rebellions such as Miao, Nien, Panthay, weakened the government creating a state of discomfort among the Chinese population.

The People's Republic of China

Xinhai Chinese Revolution

Laultima revolution of Xinhai in 1911, ended with millennia of tradition and dynastic culture, giving rise to the Republic of China.

People's Republic of China | The Republic of China

After the Xinhai Revolution, on the first day of January 1912, the Republic of China was proclaimed.The first president Sun Yat-Sen, leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party, although this would hold his office ephemerally. In 1915, a former general belonging to the Qing dynasty called Yuan Shikai was self-proclaimed Emperor of China.

The People's Republic of China

Sun Yat-Sen

This proclamation did not please the Chinese people and the new army.Without the support of the army and with the discontent of the Chinese people, Yuan Shikai, he was forced to abdicate and re-establish the Republic of China.

The People's Republic of China

Kuomintang

China's political situation was very weakened, despite having been recognized by the international community, power remained concentrated in the great regional lords.The situation changed in the late 1920s, when the Chinese Nationalist Party or Kuomintang, I can reunify under the mandate of Chiang Kai Shek , the country.

The People's Republic of China | The People's Republic of China

Transfer the capital of Beijing to Nankin and dedicate its policy to the development and modernization of China, with the only idea of ​​getting a democratic and modern China.the outbreak of the Chinese Civil War in 1949 , the communist party of Mao Zedong , was declared the winner.

The People's Republic of China

Chinese Civil War in 1949-Mao Zedong

Everything the Chinese nationalist party had fought against communism and in favor of a democracy , it had collapsed. In 1949 in Beijing the People's Republic of China was proclaimed. The political opponents who found refuge on the Island of Taiwan, creating in it its own Republic of China since the revolution never got control of it.

The People's Republic of China

Island of Taiwan

From 1949 until today, the Republic of China has continued to claim its right legitimate by the government of China, being recognized by much of the international community. Nowadays Taiwan is still the Republic of China, while for the rest of the country the name is that of People's Republic of China, making clear the difference in regimes.

The People's Republic of China

For the next entries, we will continue to develop the fascinating history of China, its situation today, the economic colossus in which it has become or how it lives and develops its society and its technology.

History Today Online has taken into account the theme developed in This article and we have looked for other related topics that may also interest you such as:

The People's Republic of China | Image GalleryThe People's Republic of China

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

The science of the Maya

We wanted to make an article dedicated exclusively to Science that managed to develop a culture, whose evolution remained independent of any other influence, since the existence of not only this Mayan civilization is unknown, but from all over the continent. The Maya, a civilization capable of thriving and developing surprising skills and knowledge, perhaps this is why they have been considered "the Greeks of pre-Hispanic America." The mathematical contributions , scientists, astronomers and doctors, continues to impress and surprise us, let's start by discovering what was the Science of the Maya. The Science of the Mayas | Fields of Science Of the cultures 4 most important American cultures, Mayans, Aztecs, Incas and Chiboas, Mayan culture was the most extensive in time, in addition to being the most important culture for its advanced knowledge in different sciences, such as art, architecture, crafts, astronomy, etc.It was the only culture capable o...
Post a Comment
Read more

Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Rio Biography

Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río (Guayaquil, 1894-1969) Ecuadorian politician.Lawyer and professor, he served as head of the Liberal Party.He was elected to the presidency in 1940, but abuses in using extraordinary powers for his personal political ends caused widespread discontent that culminated in the revolutionary movement in Guayaquil in 1944, in which Arroyo was overthrown.
Post a Comment
Read more

The Shadow of the Century of Lights

In the mid-seventeenth century a new ideological and cultural current begins to take shape in Europe, it is about the Illustration .This new current advocated knowledge, detachment from superstitions and use reason as form of knowledge.The idea of ​​dissipating the shadows of humanity through the light of knowledge and reason, made the eighteenth century known as the Age of Lights .But where there is light, there are also shadows, today we will deal with The Shadow of the Age of Lights , which occurred in colonial Europe in the Age of Lights, which was the shadow of the eighteenth century. Index of the article The Shadow of the Century of the Lights | Ideological Context The Illustration began in the mid-seventeenth century, mainly in France, England and Germany, from here it spread throughout Europe. The Illustrated movement had its peak during the 18th century , being able to mark an end date with the French Revolution. If we want to know what was the starter of this...
Post a Comment
Read more

Joseph Goebbels Biography

Joseph Goebbels (Rheydt, Germany, 1897-Berlin, 1945) German politician.The son of a wealthy Catholic family, he received a careful education and was soon noted for his brilliant intelligence.A physical defect in the legs exempted him from joining the ranks in the First World War.In 1921 he graduated in Germanic philology from the University of Heidelberg and tried to live as a writer and journalist, but had little success. Joseph Goebbels At the same time, his views were drifting towards approaches increasingly closer to National Socialism, until he ended up joining the Nazi party in 1923.After a rapid rise to the top of power, in 1926 he was appointed Gauleiter (zone leader) of Berlin, a position in which he began to demonstrate his skill as a provocative orator and skilled propagandist in a series of local campaigns. In 1930 he became the head of the Propaganda Division; Goebbels translated his regional strategy to a national level and established the principles of manipul...
Post a Comment
Read more

Giambattista Tiepolo Biography

Giambattista Tiepolo (Giambattista or Giovanni Battista Tiepolo; Venice, 1696-Madrid, 1770) Italian painter.He studied the works of Sebastiano Ricci, Veronese and Giovanni Battista Piazzetta, and imitated the chromaticism, with its violent chiaroscuro effects, of the latter.In his early ceiling paintings (Archinti and Dugnani palaces in Milan) he reaffirmed his decorative talent, based on architectural perspectives, trompe-l'oeil paintings and moving crowds. His first important work, the decorative cycle of the archiepiscopal palace of Udine (1727-1728), composed of biblical narratives, already denotes in the conformation of the figures (of great naturalism) and in the composition of the same contributions from the artist himself, although certain influences from Sebastiano Ricci and Veronese are still detected. Feast of Antony and Cleopatra (c.1743), by Tiepolo In Milan he worked in the Clerici Palace; in Venice he did it in the Scalzi church and in the Labia palace.The...
Post a Comment
Read more

Adolfo Bioy Casares Biography

Adolfo Bioy Casares (Buenos Aires, 1914-1999) Argentine writer, one of the most prominent authors of universal fantastic literature.Member of a family of Buenos Aires landowners, in 1929 he wrote Prologue , a manuscript that his father revised and had it printed.His early vocation for letters was encouraged by his family, and in 1933 he published the volume of short stories Seventeen shots against the future . Adolfo Bioy Casares Soon he became culturally linked to the cosmopolitan circle of Sur magazine; his friendship with Jorge Luis Borges would be decisive in his literary career.In 1932 he met Borges at the home of Victoria Ocampo, and also his sister Silvina Ocampo, who became his wife in 1940.The close friendship with Borges lasted until his death in 1986 and gave rise to a series of written works.in collaboration and signed with the pseudonyms of B.Suárez Lynch, H.Bustos Domecq, B.Lynch Davis and Gervasio Montenegro: Six problems for Don Isidro Parodi (1942), Two mem...
Post a Comment
Read more

Bruno Bettelheim Biography

Bruno Bettelheim (Vienna, 1903-Los Angeles, 1990) American psychoanalyst of Austrian origin.During the years of his formation he was in contact with the strong Viennese cultural environment, and especially with the first generation of Freud's disciples.Bettelheim, however, would soon depart from the orthodox approaches of psychoanalysis, highlighting the importance of the family educational environment in the psychological balance of the child. Bruno Bettelheim After being interned in the Dachau and Buchenwald camps (he was of Jewish origin), Bettelheim managed to go into exile to the United States in 1939, where he was a professor of Educational Psychology, director of the Chicago Orthogenic School (1947-1973) and, since 1963, professor of Psychiatry at the University of Chicago. His first study, which can be registered, like the rest of his work, within the current of American "ego psychology", is based on his personal experience of internment in concentration ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Josef Willem Mengelberg Biography

Josef Willem Mengelberg (Utrecht, 1871-Zuort, 1951) Dutch conductor.He studied in his hometown with Richard Hol, Henri Wilhelm Petri and Anton Averkamp and later moved to Cologne (Germany), in whose conservatory he studied theory and counterpoint with G.Jensen, piano with I.Seiss and organ with F.W.Franke, in addition to directing and composing with Franz Wüllner. He was musical director of the Lucerne Conservatory in 1892 and years later, in 1895, he obtained the position of director of the Amsterdam Concertgebouw Orchestra, a position he held until 1945.He also continued directing the Museum Concerts group in Frankfurt between 1907 and 1920.From 1899 he annually conducted the Amsterdam Toonkunst Choir in its interpretation of the Passion According to Saint Matthew by JS Bach. He also conducted the American National Symphony Orchestra in New York between 1920 and 1929 and was principal conductor of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra from 1921 until he left it due to differen...
Post a Comment
Read more

Aimé Bonpland Biography

Aimé Bonpland (Aimé, Amado or Amadeo Jacques Alexandre Bonpland; La Rochelle, 1773-Saint Anne, 1858) French naturalist.A member of the scientific expedition that accompanied Humboldt to South America, he collected the results of that trip in several volumes.His work Journey to the equinoctial regions of the new continent (1813 and 1815) stands out. Amado Bonpland, a French scholar who lived in Argentina in 1817 in 1858, he was a doctor and botanist, academic and horse gaucho, farmer and industrialist, scholar and simple man; He rendered multiple services to Argentina and his biography could serve as a plot for a novel.The son of a doctor and farmer, he was born in La Rochelle on August 28, 1773.He studied medicine in Paris, but his vocation inclined him to the natural sciences, particularly botany, and he listened with fervor to the classes of the greats: Jean-Baptiste by Lamarck, René Desfontaines and Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. Bonpland later moved to Rochefort, where he stu...
Post a Comment
Read more

Giovanni leone Biography

Giovanni Leone (Naples, 1908-Rome, 2001) Italian politician, President of the Republic from December 1971 to December 1978.He obtained a law degree in 1930 and a year later he graduated in Social and Political Sciences from the University of Camerino, where he was a student of Enrico de Nicola, future President of the Republic.In 1933, after obtaining a doctorate in both specialties, he began his teaching career, which throughout his life would alternate with politics and the practice of law from his Neapolitan law firm. He held the chair of Law at the universities of Camerino, Messina, Bari, Naples and Rome.He enrolled in the Christian Democracy (DC) in 1944, and in 1945 he was elected political secretary of the Neapolitan section.Likewise, with the end of the war he was awarded the rank of lieutenant colonel of the military justice system.In 1946 he was elected deputy in the Constituent Assembly and was part of the "Commission of 75" that drew up the Constitution. Ag...
Post a Comment
Read more