Elizabeth I of England Biography

Elizabeth I of England

(Greenwich, current United Kingdom, 1533-Richmond, id., 1603) Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1558-1603).Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, Elizabeth I of England lived as a child the political and religious intrigues of the different factions of pretenders to the throne.

After the execution of her mother in 1536, Parliament declared her illegitimate, but restored her rights to the Crown eight years later, during the reign of his stepbrother Eduardo VI.Upon the death of Eduardo VI, María Tudor, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, ascended to the throne, and Isabel was imprisoned as part of the campaign unleashed against the Protestants.

Such vicissitudes, with the consequent serious and Constant threats to her life, forged the personality of the future Elizabeth I of England, whose most outstanding features were intelligence, prudence, distrust and the high sense of authority that she embodied.

The tension between England and Spain reached its climax in 1587, when the two powers declared war.That same year Elizabeth I of England, not without qualms, had María Estuardo executed, fearing that her inheritance rights would encourage a Catholic conspiracy.The triumph of the English fleet over the Invincible Armada sent by Felipe II the following year gave England maritime supremacy.Thanks to this new circumstance, he was able to face the difficult situation in Ireland, clean up the kingdom's finances, promote certain industrial development and meet the needs of the poor peasants with special laws.

During his reign, England experienced a remarkable cultural and artistic renaissance, the best exponents of which were the proliferation of popular theaters and the very high level of dramatic production.Thus, in 1576 the first public theater in London was built, while authors such as John Lyly, titular playwright of the court, Ben Jonson, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare made themselves known.In the last years of her reign, Elizabeth was losing influence in Parliament, the main foundation of her authority since she came to the throne, thanks to the advances of the Calvinists, favored by the relaxation of the Anglican Church.

More information in the monograph on Isabel I.

Comments

Heidemarie Rosendahl Biography

Heidemarie Rosendahl (Hückeswagen, North Rhine-Westphalia, 1947) German athlete.He obtained the gold medals in the long jump and the 4 × 100 m relay, and the silver in the pentathlon, at the Olympic Games in Munich (1972).

Ilias Venezis Biography

Ilias Venezis (Aivali, Asia Minor, 1904-Athens, 1973) Greek writer.The novel Matrícula 31328 (1931), which recounts his experience of deportation after the Greco-Turkish war (1920-1921), is his main work.He is also the author of novels ( Serenidad , 1939; Tierra eolia, 1943, and Los vancidos, 1954), of short stories ( The archipelago, 1969), from travel books ( Autumn in Italy, 1950, and Eftalón y viajes, 1973) and from the historical essay Los argonauts (1962).

Cesare Zavattini Biography

Cesare Zavattini (Luzzara, 1902-Rome, 1989) Italian narrator, playwright, journalist and screenwriter.His dedication to letters had a first development through the journalistic genre, in which he achieved a certain literary prestige with his articles published in various newspapers and magazines: Gazzetta di Parma (1935-36), Cinema Illustrazione, Secolo Illustrato and Le Large Firm (1937-38). Cesare Zavattini Through these journalistic works, Cesare Zavattini became known as a keen and ironic observer of the world around him and, at the same time, an author gifted with an extraordinary fantasy and a humor close to the best surrealism that at that time was cultivated in the literatures of all Europe. All this was reflected in different volumes that were collecting his numerous loose writings, most of them dispersed until then in the aforementioned media.These are titles as lucid and fruitful as Parliamo tanto di me (We talk a lot about me, 1931), I poveri sono matti (The po...

Grace Querejeta Biography

Gracia Querejeta (Gracia Querejeta Marín; Madrid, 1962) Spanish film director.Daughter of the costume designer María del Carmen Marín Maiki and the film producer Elías Querejeta, she studied Geography and History at university and received a degree in Ancient History.Although she never wanted to be an actress, she had two circumstantial appearances in front of the cameras: the first, when she was only seven years old, in the film Las secretas intenciones by Antxon Eceiza, and the second when, at the age of thirteen., played a small role in Las Palabras de Max , by Emilio Martínez-Lázaro. Gracia Querejeta His first professional experience behind a Camera was as assistant director in Sweet hours (1981), directed by Carlos Saura and with his father as producer.After finishing his degree, he had the opportunity to direct Tres en la marca in 1988, as part of the collective project Seven footprints , with which he won the Arriaga Theater Award in Bilbao.The film Seven footp...

Joseph H. Maclagan Wedderburn Biography

Joseph H.Maclagan Wedderburn (Forfar, 1882-Princeton, 1948) British mathematician.Professor at Princeton University, he was editor of the Proceedings of the Edinburgh mathematical society (1905-1909) and the Annals of mathematics (1912-1928).He stated a theorem ( Wedderburn's theorem ) according to which every finite field is commutative.

John newcombe Biography

John Newcombe (Sydney, 1944) Australian tennis player.His sporting life began as a soccer and cricket player, and it was not until 1957 that he began in tennis, a sport in which he was junior champion of Australia at seventeen, which earned him being selected for the Australian Cup team.Davis, formed by a group of Australian tennis players who won all the most important tournaments that were played (Rod Laver, Ken Rosewall, Emerson, etc.). In 1966 he won the Davis Cup against Spain in Sydney , forming a couple with Tony Roche, with whom he formed one of the best couples in the history of world tennis.He returned to renew the title two years later, in 1968.He was individual champion at Wimbledon in 1967 and 1968 and won the United States Open, in Forest Hills in 1967.However, he obtained his greatest successes in the doubles modality, always with Tony Roche and sometimes with Fletcher; with them he was awarded the Wimbledon title in 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969 and 1970.After his retirem...

Harry callahan Biography

Harry Callahan (Detroit, 1912) American photographer.Around 1940, he assimilated the trends of the New Bauhaus and oriented his research towards the themes of the body, landscape and the city, in which he synthesizes documentary precision and pure abstraction.He has also published numerous books.

Egon Eiermann Biography

Egon Eiermann (Neuendorf, 1904-Baden-Baden, 1970) German architect.He was a disciple of H.Poelzig and was influenced by Mies van der Rohe.He brought the rationalist tradition to the utmost technological and functional refinement (Blumberg handkerchief factory, Merkur department store in Stuttgart).

Edwin mcmillan Biography

Edwin McMillan (Edwin Mattison McMillan; Redondo Beach, 1907-El Cerrito, 1991) American nuclear physicist and chemist.Trained at the California Institute of Technology, McMillan received his doctorate from Princeton University in 1932.In 1946 he achieved a teaching position at the University of California, on the Berkeley campus. Edwin McMillan In the development of his studies on the fission of the atomic nucleus, he discovered neptunium, one of the decay products of the isotope 239 of uranium.In 1940, in collaboration with Philip H.Abelson, he succeeded in isolating this new element, the first belonging to the series of transurans in the periodic table, of particular importance in nuclear energy. During World War II, McMillan collaborated in the improvement of sonar and spy radars, and participated in the manufacture of the first atomic bomb.In 1945 he managed to overcome the theoretical limits of the speeds of accelerated particles in a cyclotron and, independently of the R...

Jose Ingenieros Biography

José Ingenieros (Buenos Aires, 1877-1925) Argentine philosopher.He studied medicine at the University of Buenos Aires, and was a professor of experimental psychology at that university.He is considered one of the maximum representatives of positivism in Latin America. He wrote his doctoral thesis, The simulation in the struggle for life (1903), in clear consonance with the current Darwinian prevailing in Argentina at that time.In this regard, and as a member of the Socialist Party, he also defended the idea that the class struggle was one of the many manifestations of the struggle for life. José Engineers His interest in psychiatric, criminological and psychophysiological problems, together with the influence of European positivists such as Spencer or Comte, made him take as a starting point for his philosophical work a positivism of a scientist nature.However, Ingenieros's philosophical thought developed over time beyond this starting point.He never abandoned naturalism...

History Today Online

Search This Blog