Skip to main content

The South American dictatorships and their relationship with the United States

While the military dictatorships were a formula of habitual political domination in Latin America during the 20th century , the decade of the 70 was the one in which they almost unanimously ravaged the region, and in an increasingly violent and exacerbated way.Each country had its particular history , but in the background there was a plot linking these dictatorial regimes beyond the borders.And a few threads of that secret plot moved from Washington .

It was nothing less than "a true network of dictatorships in the Southern Cone and in Latin America ".During this period there was the call Operation Condor through which the dictators of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Bolivia and Chile cooperated with each other in numerous arrests, torture, murders and desap Aritions of political dissidents.

The number of missing murders , only in the Southern Cone , would exceed 50 thousand victims.Of the dictatorships , thousands of refugees and political exiles sought political asylum, mainly in the Argentina , where they were trapped once the dictatorship began Military Process in 1976.

General Stroessner was already in power in Paraguay when the Brazilian military overthrew to the democratic and popular government of Joao Goulart .In Bolivia, the tradition of coup after coup led to the dictatorship of Hugo Banzer in 1971.General Augusto Pinochet , on September 11, 1973, in Chile , ended with the socialist government of Salvador Allende .

Also in 19 73, in Uruguay , President Bordaberry -allied with the military -closed the congress and put the country under his dictatorship .Three years later, on March 24, 1976, the civil government of Isabel Peron, under which the Argentine Anticommunist Alliance (Triple A) worked in coordination with the Pinochet dictatorship was overthrown by the Military Junta chaired by Videla.

In all cases, it appears behind the hand of Washington and the scheme of the American Theory of National Security , under whose design the regional genocide occurred.The Cold War provided the Global context of a pathological anticommunism.And United States provided military and ideological instruction to its Latin American allies, in addition to financing and technical assistance ca.

According to Estela Calloni , essentially through the CIA , USA ."he could have planted the seeds of the Operation Condor ", coordinating the intelligence services of the dictatorial governments of the moment and enabling the exchange of information and prisoners.

In the case of Chile , is verified by declassified documents of Washington that USA .was absolutely involved, both through the government and large companies.Since the destabilization of the government from Allende and his overthrow, to numerous murders, including that of Carlos Pratz and his wife in Buenos Aires.

In the late 80s, when the dictatorships were falling, little was done to investigate the crimes of the de facto governments ; newly established, weak democratic governments could only investigate the strictly local, in the best of cases.

In December 1992, in Asuncion, an Allano judge police offices in which countless archives of the dictatorship of Stroessner were found: espionage data, letters addressed to the dictator, documents informing the fate of thousands of missing persons and communications with the repressive forces of the other dictatorships of the Cone South .

The Operation Condor appeared in these records for the first time, as a murderous conspiracy between security services of the dictatorships Unfortunately, however, the documents were not given the relevance they really should have, and even some documents disappeared.Finally, it came from the other side of the ocean the conviction of the need to deepen these crimes against humanity and in 1996 the Spanish Judge Baltasar Garzon took over the investigation.

Sources:

CALLONI, Estela. The years of the wolf, Operation Condor

Operation Condor in Overhistory

Files of Terror, in Unesco

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Francisco de Figueroa Biography

Francisco de Figueroa (Alcalá de Henares, 1536- id ., 1617?) Spanish poet.He traveled through Italy and managed to assimilate the language and spirit of Italian poetry.Soldier and courtier, he carried out some diplomatic missions.Shortly before his death, he condemned his poetic work to the flames, much of which was collected by Luis Tribaldos de Toledo, who published it in Lisbon (1625).His poetry, focused mainly on love passion, draws on Petrarca and Garcilaso.He is the author of songs, elegies, glosses and sonnets, in which he reaches his most intense lyrical quality. Francisco de Figueroa lived for some time in Rome, Bologna, Siena and, probably, Naples, where he assimilated the Italian language and culture.After intervening in various diplomatic and military missions in Italy in the service of Carlos V and Felipe II, he returned to his hometown to marry María de Vargas (1575).In 1579 he traveled to Flanders with Carlos de Aragón, 1st Duke of Terranova; He then returned to Sp...

Elijah Querejeta Biography

Elías Querejeta (Elías Querejeta Gárate; Hernani, 1930-Madrid, 2013) Spanish film producer.He studied chemistry and law, while at the same time he was part of the Real Sociedad de San Sebastián football team, a career he abandoned at the age of 24.He was a regular at the screenings held by the city's film clubs, where he met other young people-Víctor Erice, Antonio Eceiza-who would study at the Official Film School of Madrid. Elías Querejeta In 1961 he founded his first company, Laponia Films, at the same time that he collaborated with other production companies on his first films.After directing several short films, in 1964 he decided to found Elías Querejeta P.C.From his first films, he defined the style he wanted to print in his works, intervening in almost all of them as co-screenwriter, while gathering around him a group of professionals who would guarantee the finish of each film (Luis Cuadrado and Teo Escamilla as directors photography; Primitivo Álvaro, in the produc...

Armillita Chico Biography

Armillita Chico (Nickname of Fermín Espinosa Saucedo; Saltillo, 1911-Mexico City, 1975) Mexican bullfighter.He inherited the nickname from his father, the bullfighter and banderillero from Zacatecas Fermín Espinosa.He was the brother of two banderilleros, Cenaido and José, and of another great bullfighter, Juan Espinosa Saucedo ("Armillita"); Furthermore, he was the father of three other alternative killers: Fermín, Manuel and Miguel Espinosa Menéndez. In 1927 he received the alternative from Antonio Posada Carnerero.Consecrated as a figure of bullfighting in his country, he chose to cross the Atlantic.Already at that time his brother Juan Espinosa Saucedo was on Hispanic soil, who agreed to sponsor the young Fermín in his forced alternative in Spain, which took place in 1928 in the Monumental bullring of Barcelona.He confirmed the alternative on May 10, 1928, sponsored by Manuel Jiménez Moreno ("Chicuelo"). Soon contracts began to rain in the main Spanish sq...

Jorge Bessières Biography

Jorge Bessières (?, 1780-Molina de Aragón, 1825) French adventurer.In the War of Independence he deserted the French army and joined the Spanish.In 1822 he participated in the republican uprising in Barcelona, ​​but soon he went over to the absolutist side and was appointed field marshal.In 1825 he led an ultra-realistic uprising.He was shot.

The Holy Alliance and the Congress of Vienna

It is time to go a little deeper into the Holy Alliance and the Congress of Vienna .Want to know what were the objectives of the Vienna Congress of 1815? What is the Holy Alliance? What were the most important points of the Congress of Vienna? What are the countries that make up the Holy Alliance? What were the most relevant points of the Congress of Vienna and the Holy Alliance? Well, if you want to discover all this, do not miss all this information in About History.Coge pencil and paper that we started already. Article index What is the Holy Alliance? Many of you will be wondering what the Holy Alliance is, for what goes the explanation.In September 1815, after the end of the Vienna Congress, the Holy Alliance meant the signing of a pact through the initiative of the Russian Tsar Alexander I, Francisco I of Austria and Frederick William III of Prussia.The Vienna Congress took place in the Austrian capital and said international meeting was held after the defeat of Napoleon ...

Asdrúbal Giscón Biography

Asdrúbal Giscón (ss.II-III) Carthaginian military.Son of Giscón.In the Iberian peninsula, he helped the barquidas in their fights with the Romans.In 212 he defeated Publio Escipión near Cástulo (Cazlona).Defeated in Africa by Publius Cornelius Scipio (203), he was removed from command.

José del Campillo and Cossío Biography

José del Campillo y Cossío (Alles, Asturias, 1693-Madrid, 1743) Spanish politician.In 1733, he was appointed mayor of the army commanded by the Duke of Montemar in Italy and, in 1741, Secretary of State, Finance and other positions.Between the years 1741 and 1743, he directed Spanish policy with mercantilist criteria, reflected in notable improvements in the management of the Treasury and in a certain liberalization regarding trade with America.He wrote multiple reports on economic policy, including: Treaty of interests in Europe (1741) and What is more and less in Spain so that it is what it should be and not what which is (1742).

Alvaro Mutis Biography

Álvaro Mutis (Álvaro Mutis Jaramillo; Bogotá, Colombia, 1923-Mexico City, 2013) Colombian writer and poet.Author noted for the verbal richness of his production and a characteristic combination of lyrical and narrative, he participated in the early days of the movement of poets grouped around the magazine Mito.Influenced by Pablo Neruda, Octavio Paz, Saint-John Perse and Walt Whitman, he used poetry as a means of knowledge to access unknown universes, to new worlds where love and a good death were possible.His alter ego is Maqroll, a shadowy yet innocent adventurer who sings of the fragile human condition.His work was recognized with such prestigious awards as the Prince of Asturias (1997) and the Cervantes Prize (2001). Álvaro Mutis Son of international lawyer Santiago Mutis Dávila and Carolina Jaramillo, in 1925 his father entered the diplomatic service and the family had to move to Brussels, where the head of the family had been appointed minister counselor.In Belgium his bro...

Duke of Angouleme Biography

Duke of Angouleme (Luis Antonio de Borbón, Duke of Angouleme; Versailles, 1775-Gorizia, Venice, 1844) French prince and general, exponent of the most reactionary tendencies of the Restoration.He was the first-born son of the Duke of Artois (the future Carlos X), whom he accompanied into exile at the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789.Ten years later he married his cousin María Teresa Carlota (only daughter of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette), which had been liberated by the revolutionaries in 1795. Duke of Angouleme Both returned to Paris after the defeat of Napoleon and the restoration of the Bourbons on the throne in the person of his uncle, Louis XVIII (1814).Since then they were part of the ultra-realistic faction that advocated the complete restoration of the Old Regime. In 1823 he was put in charge of the expedition called the "Hundred thousand sons of San Luis", destined to end the liberal regime established in Spain since 1820 and return absolute power ...

Andres de Morales Biography

Andrés de Morales (Córdoba or Seville, 1477-?, 1517) Spanish navigator and cartographer.He participated in the third Columbian voyage (1498) and in that of Rodrigo de Bastidas and Juan de la Cosa (1500).He carried out outstanding cartographic works of the lands of the New World (alleged author of a map of Hispaniola, dating from 1509).