The South American dictatorships and their relationship with the United States

While the military dictatorships were a formula of habitual political domination in Latin America during the 20th century , the decade of the 70 was the one in which they almost unanimously ravaged the region, and in an increasingly violent and exacerbated way.Each country had its particular history , but in the background there was a plot linking these dictatorial regimes beyond the borders.And a few threads of that secret plot moved from Washington .

It was nothing less than "a true network of dictatorships in the Southern Cone and in Latin America ".During this period there was the call Operation Condor through which the dictators of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Bolivia and Chile cooperated with each other in numerous arrests, torture, murders and desap Aritions of political dissidents.

The number of missing murders , only in the Southern Cone , would exceed 50 thousand victims.Of the dictatorships , thousands of refugees and political exiles sought political asylum, mainly in the Argentina , where they were trapped once the dictatorship began Military Process in 1976.

General Stroessner was already in power in Paraguay when the Brazilian military overthrew to the democratic and popular government of Joao Goulart .In Bolivia, the tradition of coup after coup led to the dictatorship of Hugo Banzer in 1971.General Augusto Pinochet , on September 11, 1973, in Chile , ended with the socialist government of Salvador Allende .

Also in 19 73, in Uruguay , President Bordaberry -allied with the military -closed the congress and put the country under his dictatorship .Three years later, on March 24, 1976, the civil government of Isabel Peron, under which the Argentine Anticommunist Alliance (Triple A) worked in coordination with the Pinochet dictatorship was overthrown by the Military Junta chaired by Videla.

In all cases, it appears behind the hand of Washington and the scheme of the American Theory of National Security , under whose design the regional genocide occurred.The Cold War provided the Global context of a pathological anticommunism.And United States provided military and ideological instruction to its Latin American allies, in addition to financing and technical assistance ca.

According to Estela Calloni , essentially through the CIA , USA ."he could have planted the seeds of the Operation Condor ", coordinating the intelligence services of the dictatorial governments of the moment and enabling the exchange of information and prisoners.

In the case of Chile , is verified by declassified documents of Washington that USA .was absolutely involved, both through the government and large companies.Since the destabilization of the government from Allende and his overthrow, to numerous murders, including that of Carlos Pratz and his wife in Buenos Aires.

In the late 80s, when the dictatorships were falling, little was done to investigate the crimes of the de facto governments ; newly established, weak democratic governments could only investigate the strictly local, in the best of cases.

In December 1992, in Asuncion, an Allano judge police offices in which countless archives of the dictatorship of Stroessner were found: espionage data, letters addressed to the dictator, documents informing the fate of thousands of missing persons and communications with the repressive forces of the other dictatorships of the Cone South .

The Operation Condor appeared in these records for the first time, as a murderous conspiracy between security services of the dictatorships Unfortunately, however, the documents were not given the relevance they really should have, and even some documents disappeared.Finally, it came from the other side of the ocean the conviction of the need to deepen these crimes against humanity and in 1996 the Spanish Judge Baltasar Garzon took over the investigation.

Sources:

CALLONI, Estela. The years of the wolf, Operation Condor

Operation Condor in Overhistory

Files of Terror, in Unesco

Comments

Arthur Penn Biography

Arthur Penn (Philadelphia, 1922-New York, 2010) American film director.After World War II he joined a theater company as an actor and attended drama classes at the Actor's Studio; in 1951 he entered the NBC television network as a program manager.In 1958 he made his first film, El lezurdo ; the cold reception he received at its premiere meant a temporary brake on his film career, but he prospered as a theater director in Broadway plays.In 1962 he returned to the cinema with The Miracle of Ana Sullivan, a film for which Anne Bancroft and Patty Duke won Oscars.In 1964 he suffered a new setback with Acosado (1965), while La huría humana (1966), with Marlon Brando, was received with divided opinions.His next film, Bonnie and Clyde (1967), was a resounding success, finally achieving his talent.Like Bonnie and Clyde , some of his other films address the past in terms applicable to the present, and his films of the 1960s are regarded by many as the most relevant American work...

Apartheid

In the history of Africa, one of the most significant moments and periods was that of Apartheid, and that consisted of a racial segregation lived in the twentieth century that lasted until the early 90s in South Africa. It is hard to believe that in a country like Africa , and specifically in Sufafrica , the colonialism of the first white powers, will end up in a period of segregation in which the black population barely had rights and that I ended up separating them from everything. Article index How it was born and what is Apartheid: In the mid-twentieth century and although the black population was mostly over the white, appears what we know as Apartheid , derived in fact from a certain white supremacy that had been imposed since the beginning of this Century (In fact in 1910 only the whites could access the Parliament and a 1913 law on indigenous lands limited the land that could be in the hands of blacks to 21 million acres. This word is translated from African...

John Bissel Carroll Biography

John Bissel Carroll (Hardford, 1916) American psychologist.Specialized in the psychology of language, he has studied the problem of different individual linguistic aptitudes and their pedagogical consequences.His works include The teaching of French as a foreign language in eight countries (1975).

Anton Friedrich Büsching Biography

Anton Friedrich Büsching (¿, 1724-?, 1793) German statistician and geographer.He was the initiator of comparative political statistics.Its New geography (1754-1807) stands out, a great statistical compendium of the countries treated.

Camilo Torres Restrepo Biography

Camilo Torres Restrepo (Jorge Camilo Torres Restrepo; Bogotá, 1929-San Vicente de Chucurí, Santander, 1966) Priest and Colombian guerrilla.After being ordained a priest in 1954 and completing his training with sociology studies in Belgium (1954-1959), he participated in the founding of the Faculty of Sociology of the National University of Colombia, where he taught between 1959 and 1962. Camilo Torres Restrepo Worried since his youth about deep social inequalities, the charismatic personality of Camilo Torres Restrepo, the coherence of his progressive message and his initiatives in favor of the classes most disadvantaged had made him, since his return to the country, a figure of great relevance.The expulsion from the university (1962) increased its public projection and marked the beginning of an approach to revolutionary positions, which culminated in the abandonment of the priesthood and the incorporation of the National Liberation Army into the guerrilla (1965).Since then cal...

Antoni Rubió i Lluch Biography

Antoni Rubió i Lluch (Valladolid, 1856-Barcelona, 1937) Catalan historian and scholar.He studied at the University of Barcelona, where he was a student of Milà and Fontanals.Doctor in 1878, in 1885 he succeeded his teacher in the chair of History of Literature at the University of the Catalan capital, from which he formed several generations of disciples, until his retirement in 1928.From 1908 he also held the chair of Catalan literature founded by the Catalan University Studies. He collaborated assiduously.in Catalan and Spanish, in the main academic publications in Barcelona.He was a member of the Institute of Catalan Studies.His trips to Italy and Greece put him in contact with the documentary and monumental sources of the history of these peoples in relation to that of Catalonia and especially with that of the period of Catalan-Aragonese domination in the Duchy of Athens.As a tutor and literary critic, he methodized the teaching of the history of Castilian literature. Am...

Isamu noguchi Biography

Isamu Noguchi (Los Angeles, 1904-New York, 1988) American sculptor and designer whose works are representative of the expressive power of organic abstract works developed by 20th century American sculpture. Isamu Noguchi Son of the Japanese poet Yone Noguchi, his training was broad and cosmopolitan.He studied at Columbia University and, after residing for a few years in Japan, he moved to New York, where he continued his training with Onorio Ruotolo.During 1923 he traveled through England, China and Mexico, and later moved to Paris, where he was Constantin Brancusi's assistant for two years, between 1927 and 1928.There he met and related to sculptors such as Alberto Giacometti and Alexander Calder and developed a enthusiastic abstract sculpture.It was also influenced by surrealism and the work of Picasso and Joan Miró. His first exhibition was held in 1929 in New York.In 1938 he won the national competition to decorate the Associated Press pavilion at New York's Rockef...

X-ray history

The X-rays were discovered in 1895 and from there they became a very revolutionary application in many branches of science, from astronomy to radiographs that we have not done so many times.the 120th anniversary of the X-rays knowing his inventor and the research that led him to such an important scientific advance. Article index Who invented the X-rays? The inventor or, rather, the person who discovered the X-rays was Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen , a German physicist who was focused on the field of electromagnetics Nothing else to present his discovery, Rontgen's theory received great attention from critics and public, and was translated into French, English or Russian. Although it is not a name as well known today as that of others you celebrate writers, the name of Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen is written in gold letters in the medical field, where he has had and has and numerous applications.The importance of his discovery was such in his day that he was the first Nobel Prize ...

Josep Yxart Biography

Josep Yxart (Josep Yxart i Moragas; Tarragona, 1852-1895) Spanish literary critic.He studied Law in Barcelona by family tradition, but very soon he dedicated himself to literary activities.The novelist Narcís Oller, Josep Yxart's cousin, introduced him to literary circles in 1877. Soon he was attracted to criticism, especially theatrical.At the Floral Games of 1879 he was awarded a monograph on Catalan theater entitled Lo teatre: son passat, present i pervenir .Later his remarkable biographical essay on the painter Fortuny appeared. He collaborated as a literary critic in La Renaixença , La Vanguardia and La Publicidad in Barcelona, and La España Modern and The Time of Madrid.He was director of the publishing house and magazine Arte y Letras (1883), for whose collections he wrote substantial prologues and very careful translations; its Castilian version of Schiller's dramas is notable.His articles were partly collected in the five volumes of Last year (18...

Antoni Clavé Biography

Antoni Clavé (Barcelona, 1913-Saint Tropez, 2005) Spanish painter and sculptor.A disciple of the sculptor Ángel Ferrant and the painter José Mongrell, he began painting at the School of Fine Arts in Barcelona and his foray into the professional field was produced through poster design, mainly cinematographic.Affiliated with the Republican Army during the Spanish Civil War, in January 1939 he went into exile to France, where he spent time in a refugee camp.He continued his pictorial activities, forming, together with a group of Spanish painters, the so-called School of Paris. In 1941 he set up his first Montparnasse studio.His emotional stability and the birth of his son gave rise to a series of intimate paintings, some of them tending towards abstraction.It did not take long for him to produce paintings with a marked expressionist and even cubist character, in which he systematically and especially dealt with the collage technique, from which the assemblages later derived. ...

History Today Online

Search This Blog