Giuseppe Mazzini Biography

Giuseppe Mazzini

Revolutionary of the Italian Risorgimento (Genoa, 1805-Pisa, 1872).After studying law briefly, Giuseppe Mazzini devoted himself to the fight against the order established by the Congress of Vienna (1815).His activism would have a double objective: it was a nationalist struggle for the unity of Italy and the elimination of foreign influence on the peninsula; and also a liberal and republican struggle against the monarchical absolutism of the Restoration.

Giuseppe Mazzini

In 1828 he entered the secret society of the Carbonari , who had starred in the unsuccessful insurrection of 1821; He was discovered and imprisoned in 1830.But he became convinced of the ineffectiveness of his sporadic conspiracies and decided to found a mass organization of national scope: with it he would carry out intense propaganda work among the young generations, from whose patriotism he expected the "resurgence" of Italy without counting on the help of foreign powers (hence the motto L'Italia farà da sè, with which he founded the Young Italy in 1831).

Disrupted by the Piedmontese police in an attempted insurrection that he organized in 1832, Mazzini was sentenced to death and had to flee Italy, establishing his base in Marseille and, from 1837, in London.At that time he came into contact with exiled revolutionaries from other countries and in 1834 he founded with them in Bern the Young Europe , another secret society that aspired to complete national emancipation with a great revolutionary movement to unite all Europe under a republican confederation.

At the outbreak of the 1848 revolutions, he moved to Milan, where he fought for liberation against the Austrians.Then he collaborated in the insurrectionary movement launched by his supporters in Rome against Pope Pius IX and was one of the triumvirs who ruled the subsequent Roman Republic of 1849.

The combined action of the Austrian, French and Neapolitan armies and Spaniards ended the Roman experiment in that same year; and, little by little, repression was imposed throughout Italy, causing many nationalists and liberals to be disappointed about the possibilities of the radical Mazzinian route.In the following years, the supporters of Italian unification under a liberal regime relied more on the moderate option represented by King Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy and his minister the Count of Cavour, who would finally achieve the unification of the Kingdom of Italy towards 1860.

Mazzini did not renounce his republican ideals and was limited to the leadership of small opposition circles and to be a symbol of moral rigor, personal austerity and ideological coherence, as a precursor of democracy.The voters of Messina elected him deputy several times, seeing such a result annulled by the monarchical authorities.From exile, he encouraged his followers to participate in multiple failed plots, as well as in the founding of the International Workers Association.In 1869 he returned to Italy incognito to die in his country.

Comments

Elijah Querejeta Biography

Elías Querejeta (Elías Querejeta Gárate; Hernani, 1930-Madrid, 2013) Spanish film producer.He studied chemistry and law, while at the same time he was part of the Real Sociedad de San Sebastián football team, a career he abandoned at the age of 24.He was a regular at the screenings held by the city's film clubs, where he met other young people-Víctor Erice, Antonio Eceiza-who would study at the Official Film School of Madrid. Elías Querejeta In 1961 he founded his first company, Laponia Films, at the same time that he collaborated with other production companies on his first films.After directing several short films, in 1964 he decided to found Elías Querejeta P.C.From his first films, he defined the style he wanted to print in his works, intervening in almost all of them as co-screenwriter, while gathering around him a group of professionals who would guarantee the finish of each film (Luis Cuadrado and Teo Escamilla as directors photography; Primitivo Álvaro, in the produc...

Armillita Chico Biography

Armillita Chico (Nickname of Fermín Espinosa Saucedo; Saltillo, 1911-Mexico City, 1975) Mexican bullfighter.He inherited the nickname from his father, the bullfighter and banderillero from Zacatecas Fermín Espinosa.He was the brother of two banderilleros, Cenaido and José, and of another great bullfighter, Juan Espinosa Saucedo ("Armillita"); Furthermore, he was the father of three other alternative killers: Fermín, Manuel and Miguel Espinosa Menéndez. In 1927 he received the alternative from Antonio Posada Carnerero.Consecrated as a figure of bullfighting in his country, he chose to cross the Atlantic.Already at that time his brother Juan Espinosa Saucedo was on Hispanic soil, who agreed to sponsor the young Fermín in his forced alternative in Spain, which took place in 1928 in the Monumental bullring of Barcelona.He confirmed the alternative on May 10, 1928, sponsored by Manuel Jiménez Moreno ("Chicuelo"). Soon contracts began to rain in the main Spanish sq...

Asdrúbal Giscón Biography

Asdrúbal Giscón (ss.II-III) Carthaginian military.Son of Giscón.In the Iberian peninsula, he helped the barquidas in their fights with the Romans.In 212 he defeated Publio Escipión near Cástulo (Cazlona).Defeated in Africa by Publius Cornelius Scipio (203), he was removed from command.

Jorge Bessières Biography

Jorge Bessières (?, 1780-Molina de Aragón, 1825) French adventurer.In the War of Independence he deserted the French army and joined the Spanish.In 1822 he participated in the republican uprising in Barcelona, but soon he went over to the absolutist side and was appointed field marshal.In 1825 he led an ultra-realistic uprising.He was shot.

The Holy Alliance and the Congress of Vienna

It is time to go a little deeper into the Holy Alliance and the Congress of Vienna .Want to know what were the objectives of the Vienna Congress of 1815? What is the Holy Alliance? What were the most important points of the Congress of Vienna? What are the countries that make up the Holy Alliance? What were the most relevant points of the Congress of Vienna and the Holy Alliance? Well, if you want to discover all this, do not miss all this information in About History.Coge pencil and paper that we started already. Article index What is the Holy Alliance? Many of you will be wondering what the Holy Alliance is, for what goes the explanation.In September 1815, after the end of the Vienna Congress, the Holy Alliance meant the signing of a pact through the initiative of the Russian Tsar Alexander I, Francisco I of Austria and Frederick William III of Prussia.The Vienna Congress took place in the Austrian capital and said international meeting was held after the defeat of Napoleon ...

Alvaro Mutis Biography

Álvaro Mutis (Álvaro Mutis Jaramillo; Bogotá, Colombia, 1923-Mexico City, 2013) Colombian writer and poet.Author noted for the verbal richness of his production and a characteristic combination of lyrical and narrative, he participated in the early days of the movement of poets grouped around the magazine Mito.Influenced by Pablo Neruda, Octavio Paz, Saint-John Perse and Walt Whitman, he used poetry as a means of knowledge to access unknown universes, to new worlds where love and a good death were possible.His alter ego is Maqroll, a shadowy yet innocent adventurer who sings of the fragile human condition.His work was recognized with such prestigious awards as the Prince of Asturias (1997) and the Cervantes Prize (2001). Álvaro Mutis Son of international lawyer Santiago Mutis Dávila and Carolina Jaramillo, in 1925 his father entered the diplomatic service and the family had to move to Brussels, where the head of the family had been appointed minister counselor.In Belgium his bro...

Space, change and permanence ... elements to understand history

In some of our latest articles we have analyzed different aspects of knowledge construction historical .In the latter post we have to reflect on the historical categories of " space ", " change " and " permanence " and its importance to sharpen our understanding of the history . Old Map of Colonia del Sacramento , disputed by Portuguese and Spanish for its strategic location in the Rio de la Plata As we know the History studies human societies in the past .Y of course, these societies lived in a territory ( space ) in particular, so whenever we start studying a society of the past we must place it in space and time. The space is a very important aspect e to study the History. Each territory has its own characteristics that can be decisive for understanding many aspects of a society .For example: what economic production does it do, trade routes, the distribution of the population, the strategies in wars, etc.In addition, soc...

Egon Eiermann Biography

Egon Eiermann (Neuendorf, 1904-Baden-Baden, 1970) German architect.He was a disciple of H.Poelzig and was influenced by Mies van der Rohe.He brought the rationalist tradition to the utmost technological and functional refinement (Blumberg handkerchief factory, Merkur department store in Stuttgart).

Guillermo Cabrera Infante Biography

Guillermo Cabrera Infante (Gibara, Cuba, 1929) Cuban writer, nationalized British.In 1951 he founded the Cuban Cinematheque, of which he was director until General Batista ordered its closure, a work that he combined with his articles on film criticism for the magazine Carteles, which he published under the pseudonym G.Caín (1954-1960).He also directed the literary magazine Monday of Revolution, banned in 1961 by Castro.In 1966 he published his first renowned novel, Tres tristes tigres, whose experimental nature lies in the ingenious use of language in its most colloquial register and the constant play of winks and references to other literary works.He was a diplomat in Brussels, until he definitively broke with the Castro regime and settled in London.He has written other outstanding novels, such as Vista delmanecer en el tropico (1974), Exorcismos de esti (l) o (1976) and essays such as Vidas para leerlas (1998).In 1998 he received the Cervantes Prize.

Emilio Oribe Biography

Emilio Oribe (Melo, 1893-1975) Uruguayan poet and philosopher.In addition to his philosophical essays, he developed a lyrical work that starts from the postulates of modernism and drifts towards a more classical line.He was professor of aesthetics at the University of Montevideo. His philosophical thought focuses on the conditions and possibilities of this metaphysical meditation, in the incessant inquiry about the being of poetry, which postulates a wealth of eidetic insights on the great eternal themes.The earth and the flow towards death attract and repel him at the same time.Heir to the culturalism of J.E.Rodó, he enriched it with a certain teaching style and rigor and with a greater hierarchy and universality. Oribe represents the movement of going "towards the sources", going back beyond the philosophers and vulgarizers of the 19th century in search of the authors who founded classical thought in metaphysics, logic, morality and aesthetics.Figures such as Goethe ...

History Today Online

Search This Blog