Skip to main content

Giuseppe Mazzini Biography

Giuseppe Mazzini

Revolutionary of the Italian Risorgimento (Genoa, 1805-Pisa, 1872).After studying law briefly, Giuseppe Mazzini devoted himself to the fight against the order established by the Congress of Vienna (1815).His activism would have a double objective: it was a nationalist struggle for the unity of Italy and the elimination of foreign influence on the peninsula; and also a liberal and republican struggle against the monarchical absolutism of the Restoration.

Giuseppe Mazzini

In 1828 he entered the secret society of the Carbonari , who had starred in the unsuccessful insurrection of 1821; He was discovered and imprisoned in 1830.But he became convinced of the ineffectiveness of his sporadic conspiracies and decided to found a mass organization of national scope: with it he would carry out intense propaganda work among the young generations, from whose patriotism he expected the "resurgence" of Italy without counting on the help of foreign powers (hence the motto L'Italia farà da sè, with which he founded the Young Italy in 1831).

Disrupted by the Piedmontese police in an attempted insurrection that he organized in 1832, Mazzini was sentenced to death and had to flee Italy, establishing his base in Marseille and, from 1837, in London.At that time he came into contact with exiled revolutionaries from other countries and in 1834 he founded with them in Bern the Young Europe , another secret society that aspired to complete national emancipation with a great revolutionary movement to unite all Europe under a republican confederation.

At the outbreak of the 1848 revolutions, he moved to Milan, where he fought for liberation against the Austrians.Then he collaborated in the insurrectionary movement launched by his supporters in Rome against Pope Pius IX and was one of the triumvirs who ruled the subsequent Roman Republic of 1849.

The combined action of the Austrian, French and Neapolitan armies and Spaniards ended the Roman experiment in that same year; and, little by little, repression was imposed throughout Italy, causing many nationalists and liberals to be disappointed about the possibilities of the radical Mazzinian route.In the following years, the supporters of Italian unification under a liberal regime relied more on the moderate option represented by King Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy and his minister the Count of Cavour, who would finally achieve the unification of the Kingdom of Italy towards 1860.

Mazzini did not renounce his republican ideals and was limited to the leadership of small opposition circles and to be a symbol of moral rigor, personal austerity and ideological coherence, as a precursor of democracy.The voters of Messina elected him deputy several times, seeing such a result annulled by the monarchical authorities.From exile, he encouraged his followers to participate in multiple failed plots, as well as in the founding of the International Workers Association.In 1869 he returned to Italy incognito to die in his country.

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Alan J. Pakula Biography

Alan J.Pakula (New York, 1928- id. , 1998) American film director.His filmography includes All the President's Men (1976) and Sophie's Decision (1982).His last work was La sombra del diablo .He was currently preparing a film on the biography of Franklin D.Roosvelt.He died in a traffic accident.
Post a Comment
Read more

Alessandro stradella Biography

Alessandro Stradella (Naples, 1645-Genoa, 1682) Italian singer and composer.He contributed to the evolution of the aria, the cantata, and the oratorio.He used the stubborn bass frequently and influenced musicians such as Purcell and Händel.He wrote operas ( Doriclea , 1677; The force of paternal love , 1678), oratorios ( San Juan Bautista , 1675; Susana , 1681), cantatas, symphonies, sonatas and chamber music.
Post a Comment
Read more

Georges bruhat Biography

Georges Bruhat (Besançon, 1887-Buchenwald, 1944) French physicist.Graduated in physical and mathematical sciences in 1908, he later received his doctorate with a thesis entitled The abnormal dispersion of the power of molecular rotation , which he defended shortly before the outbreak of the First World War.Mobilized in 1915, he developed sound-tracking devices during the war that earned him the cross of war. Georges Bruhat In the interwar period he was a professor at the University de Lila and at the Sorbonne, he carried out various works on physical optics and thermodynamics and published the Course in General Physics , a manual of exceptional pedagogical value divided into four volumes: Electricity ( 1924), Thermodynamics (1926), Optics (1930) and Mechanics (1934).In 1944, after refusing to expose a student, he was arrested by the Gestapo; a year later he died in a concentration camp.
Post a Comment
Read more

Adriaan van roomen Biography

Adriaan Van Roomen (Leuven, 1561-Mainz, 1615) Flemish mathematician.He studied in Germany and Italy.Professor in Louvain and Würzburg, in 1595 he was appointed astronomer to the King of Poland.His works dealt mainly with plane and spherical geometry and trigonometry.He proposed and gave a solution to an algebraic equation of degree 45.Among his works are Ideae mathematicae (1593) and Canon triangulorum sphericorum (1609).
Post a Comment
Read more

Giambattista Tiepolo Biography

Giambattista Tiepolo (Giambattista or Giovanni Battista Tiepolo; Venice, 1696-Madrid, 1770) Italian painter.He studied the works of Sebastiano Ricci, Veronese and Giovanni Battista Piazzetta, and imitated the chromaticism, with its violent chiaroscuro effects, of the latter.In his early ceiling paintings (Archinti and Dugnani palaces in Milan) he reaffirmed his decorative talent, based on architectural perspectives, trompe-l'oeil paintings and moving crowds. His first important work, the decorative cycle of the archiepiscopal palace of Udine (1727-1728), composed of biblical narratives, already denotes in the conformation of the figures (of great naturalism) and in the composition of the same contributions from the artist himself, although certain influences from Sebastiano Ricci and Veronese are still detected. Feast of Antony and Cleopatra (c.1743), by Tiepolo In Milan he worked in the Clerici Palace; in Venice he did it in the Scalzi church and in the Labia palace.The...
Post a Comment
Read more

José María Pérez de Urdininea Biography

José María Pérez de Urdininea (Luribay, 1784-La Paz, 1865) Bolivian military.Born on the Anquioma ranch, near Luribay, he studied at the seminaries of La Paz and Cochabamba and entered the ranks of the patriot armies at a young age. For a decade, between 1811 and 1821, he served under the command of José de San Martín, Manuel Belgrano, Martín Miguel de Güemes and José Rondeau.It was Urdininea who, together with Álvarez de Arenales, received the surrender of the last Spanish authority on the Río de La Plata. Appreciating his fortitude and military experience, Antonio José de Sucre incorporated him into his army and assigned him the responsibility of directing the Ministry of War.After Sucre's resignation as president, Urdininea had to replace him for a few months, and finally withdrew to one of his rural properties when he was accused of not having stopped the entry of Agustín Gamarra's troops into Bolivian territory. It was recovered for military life by President Andr...
Post a Comment
Read more

Zacharias Janssen Biography

Zacharias Janssen (The Hague, 1588-Amsterdam, 1628 or 1631) Flemish optician who has been credited with the invention of the microscope and telescope.Zacharias Janssen was the son of an optician with his own workshop (named according to the sources Hans, Jan, Johan or Johannides Janssen) who died when Zacharias was four years old.His mother instructed him in the tasks of the family workshop, which the young Zacharias would direct until 1624. Zacharias Janssen Contrary to the Spanish rule over the Netherlands, in the workshop Zacharias Janssen carried out all kinds of illicit activities, such as counterfeiting of currency, which earned him two convictions from the authorities of the Empire; One of them went to death, but it would be commuted to him in 1618.When he was released from prison, impoverished, he had to declare the workshop bankrupt and saw his assets auctioned.
Post a Comment
Read more

Hilary swank Biography

Hilary Swank (Lincoln, Nebraska, 1974) American actress who has revealed herself, with a relatively short filmography, as one of the most solid professionals in Hollywood.Her athletic physique and her stern countenance have conditioned her roles, at least those that have so far brought her the most success: Hilary knows how to give credibility on the screen to ambitious women, with clear ideas and a strong fighting character.In his short career he has already won two Oscars, one in 2000 for Boys don't cry and another in 2005 for Million Dollar Baby , directed by veteran Clint Eastwood. Hilary Swank Hilary Ann Swank was born on July 30, 1974 in Lincoln, Nebraska.His father, who never had a steady job for too long, decided to take the family (consisting of his two children, Hilary and James, and his wife Judy, a secretary) to the state of Washington, specifically to Bellingham, very close to the border.with Canada.After practicing various trades, she decided to become a tra...
Post a Comment
Read more