Jose Refugio Velasco Biography

José Refugio Velasco

(Aguascalientes, 1851-Mexico, 1923) Mexican military.He evicted Pancho Villa de Torreón during the Huerta regime and, after the latter's fall, was part of the interim Carbajal government.Appointed commander-in-chief of the army, he signed the Teoloyucán Accords (1914) with the constitutionalists, which put an end to the Huerta period.

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François Joseph Fétis Biography

François Joseph Fétis (Mons, 1784-Brussels, 1871) Belgian composer, conductor and musicologist.He is the author of pieces for piano, comic operas and religious works and chamber music.He wrote a Universal Biography of Musicians and General Bibliography of Music (1837-1844) and an unfinished General History of Music (1869-1876). François-Joseph Fétis His father, an organist, led him to musical studies, which he carried out at the Paris Conservatoire.He stayed for some years in Douai as organist and teacher of song and harmony at the local Music School, and in 1818 he returned to the capital; There he developed his multiple activities as composer, teacher, scholar and critic for some fifteen years.From 1821 he taught counterpoint and fugue at the Conservatory. François-Joseph Fétis was in charge of the music criticism of Le Temps and Le National , and in 1826 he founded the Revue musicale , to whose writing he dedicated himself for five years, during which time he notabl...

Gregory Agagianian Biography

Gregorio Agagianian (Akhaltizikhe, 1895-Rome, 1971) Armenian Prelate.Head of the Armenian Church united under the name of Peter XV (1937-1962).Created a cardinal by Pius XII (1946), he was appointed prefect of the De Propaganda Fide congregation (1960).

Emilio Prados Biography

Emilio Prados (Málaga, 1899-Mexico, 1962) Spanish poet.The biography of Emilio Prados coincides, in certain aspects, with that of other representatives of the generation of 27 (Federico García Lorca, Rafael Alberti, Pedro Salinas, Jorge Guillén or Gerardo Diego, among others): stay at the Madrid Student Residence , trips abroad (Switzerland, France, Germany), contacts with the artistic avant-gardes, political commitment and exile. Emilio Prados However, his solitary figure and his self-enclosed poetic itinerary force us to consider the existence of a particular environment for him within of the group of his generation.Together with Manuel Altolaguirre and José María Hinojosa, he founded and directed in Malaga the magazine Litoral (1926-1928) and the homonymous editions, where they published the first books by young contemporary poets. Emilio Prados is the author of an extensive poetic work of unitary inspiration as a whole, although the evolution of its forms and contents al...

The Black Prince, a knight of legend, part I

Perhaps there is no more attractive and romantic time than the Middle Ages ; that of the knights, that of the heroes with armor, that of the great battles, that of courtesy and honor, and perhaps that is an image that we have reached because of what they have sold us in so many movies on the subject.Because...who has not heard of the Black Knight or Black Prince ? Who does not remember those films in which a fair knight appeared on his steed with his black armor brandishing his coat of arms and his spear or sword? Those fair and medieval tournaments, those battles, that respect that was won among their rivals... But much less that time was so honorable, not so pleasant, nor so romantic, because although it is true that the Black Prince showed his courtesy and magnanimity in many places, in many others he showed that above all, there was the interest of the kingdom he defended. Who was he? Black Prince? Eduardo de Woodstock belonged to the Plantagenet dynasty and was th...

Johannes kepler Biography

Johannes Kepler (Würtemburg, present-day Germany, 1571-Regensburg, id., 1630) German astronomer, mathematician and physicist.The son of a mercenary (who served for money in the hosts of the Duke of Alba and disappeared into exile in 1589) and a mother suspected of practicing witchcraft, Johannes Kepler overcame the consequences of an unhappy and sordid childhood thanks to his tenacity and intelligence. Johannes Kepler After studying at the seminaries of Adelberg and Maulbronn, Kepler entered the University of Tübingen (1588), where he studied theology and was also a disciple of the astronomer Michael Mästlin, a follower of Copernicus.In 1594, however, he interrupted his theological career by accepting a position as professor of mathematics at the Protestant seminary in Graz. Four years later, a few months after entering into a marriage of convenience, the edict of the Archduke Ferdinand against the Protestant teachers forced him to leave Austria, and in 1600 he moved to Prague...

The beginning of the workers struggle

The context of the Second Industrial Revolution. Between the middle and last quarter of the 19th century, the division between the Western Europe industrialized and the Eastern Europe and southern, whose economy continued to be based on agriculture for some time, after the repression of 1848 and the economic expansion that ensued, decreased the social conflict . The Working Class In the following decade, however, the activity of the labor movement was increased.The composition of the working class was diversified due to the increase in types of employment, especially in cities, where trades multiplied and coexisted with ancient artisanal activities. However, the living conditions for most of the workers remained harsh: along with the work possibilities they increased the lack of hygiene and overcrowding, and more women and children joined the work. The first unions The workers They soon developed an organization of their own, with the aim of joining ef...

Augusto Roa Bastos Biography

Augusto Roa Bastos (Asunción, 1917-2005) Paraguayan narrator and poet, undoubtedly the most important writer of his country of the 20th century and one of the great novelists of Latin American literature.He spent his childhood in the town of Iturbe, a place that inspired many of his creations.In 1932 he ran away from home to enlist in the army during the Chaco War.Those years, during which he remained in the rear, were crucial in providing him with anecdotes and experiences that would feed his literature. Augusto Roa Bastos Since 1936 he worked in Asunción as a journalist for El País , of which he was later director.At that time, with Josefina Pla, Hérib Campos Cervera and a few others, he began what would become the Paraguayan poetic renewal of the 1940s.In 1944 he traveled to Great Britain, at an invitation from the British Council, and worked there as a correspondent for his newspaper and also at the BBC in London, where he was the first Paraguayan announcer. From 1985 onw...

Il Verrocchio Biography

Il Verrocchio (Andrea di Michele Cioni; Florence, 1435-Venice, 1488) Italian goldsmith, sculptor and painter.The celebrity of the Florentine artist Andrea del Verrocchio is mainly due to his sculptural work, which continued the naturalistic tradition begun by Donatello within a greater interest in the graceful and lightness of the pose. Andrea Cioni, Verrocchio's real name, was born in Florence in 1435.Although his life is little known, it is known with certainty that he studied goldsmithing and painting with Giuliano Verrocchi (from whom he took his name) and Alesso Baldovinetti , respectively, and sculpture with Antonio Rossellino and, according to some authors, Donatello. Although works from his early years are not preserved, he must have had considerable prestige, since in 1665 he created a sculpture workshop that also accepted painting and goldsmith commissions, and a year later, as a result of the Donatello's death, he became the favorite artist of the Medici famil...

Alexander Olivier Oexmelin Biography

Alexander Olivier Oexmelin (Alexander Olivier Oexmelin or Exquemelin; Honfleur, 1645-Amsterdam, around 1707) French traveler and adventurer.It seems that his real name was Henrick Smeeks.He must have been a Huguenot, which forced him to flee France during the great religious persecutions.He left Le Havre in 1666 (the date on which he began his well-known book), aboard the ship San Juan, belonging to the French Company of the West Indies.He should have reached the French West Indies, but on a ship he was raided by pirates and Oexmelin was sold as a slave on the island of Tortuga. During his captivity he learned the trade of surgeon from his master, with which he later enlisted in filibustering when he achieved freedom.He was with the Brothers of the Coast and later with famous filibusters, such as L'Olonnais, Morgan and Bertrand d'Orgeron. He participated in the catastrophic disaster in Puerto Rico in 1674 and was involved in all the major filibustering actions in the Car...

Tibet - History and Culture of Tibet in the 20th century

As we said in the previous article when we talked about the new Chinese repression in the Tibet , this region has lived through centuries of continuous invasions that have only served to obscure its memory and slowly exterminate its culture. The first Mongols, the English, the Indians and the Chinese , have razed their lands, devastating an already poor population in itself, and the monasteries and the Tibetans themselves are suffering the end of their pure race, because by their blood they already run the traces of the different empires that have dominated it to the point that two thirds of their population is Chinese. Little Tibet is known before the tenth century.Perhaps it was in those centuries when this region could be considered totally independent.But it was in the eleventh century II when they suffered their first invasion: that of the Mongol Empire .While it is true that during the centuries that the Mongol Empire dominated Tibet, the country's government enjo...

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