Joseph-Clément Juggler Biography

Joseph-Clément Juglar

(Paris, 1819- id ., 1905).French economist and physician.He was a forerunner of the theories that explain business cycles and movements of expansion and contraction of economic activity.It established the existence of cycles of seven to eight years (Juglar cycles) that periodically affect the economy and whose movement can be statistically predicted and observed.He published The commercial crises and their periodic reappearance in France, England and the United States (1862).

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Joseph Boussinesq Biography

Joseph Boussinesq (Saint-André-de-Sangonis, 1842-Paris, 1929) French mathematician.He also studied physics and was a professor of different disciplines in Paris.A member of the Academy of Sciences, his work covered very diverse fields of physics, mathematics and philosophy.His statistical studies on hydrodynamics are especially interesting.His works include Infinitesimal Analysis Course and Analytical Theory of Heat.

Gerolamo Tiraboschi Biography

Gerolamo Tiraboschi (Gerolamo or Girolamo Tiraboschi; Bergamo, 1731-Modena, 1794) Italian scholar.At fifteen he entered the Society of Jesus, where he remained until its dissolution.He taught at the Milanese academy of Brera, and in 1770 he was appointed prefect of the Estense Library by Francisco III, Duke of Modena.The large number of sources at his disposal allowed him to compose works of considerable scholarship; the main one was the History of Italian Literature (1772-1781). Girolamo Tiraboschi He later became the official advisor of the new duke, Hercules III.He expanded the Estense Library and belonged to various academic entities.Tiraboschi also wrote a series of works on the arts, letters and the historical evolution of Modena.His minor texts include Vetera Humiliatorum monumenta (1766), Biblioteca modenese (1781-86), Memorie storiche modenesi (1793-1794) and Dizionario topografico-storico degli Stati Estensi (posthumous, 1824-25). Published from 1772 to 178...

Dukes of Medina Sidonia Biography

Dukes of Medina Sidonia (Or Medinasidonia) Castilian noble lineage that starts from Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, the Good (1256-1309).In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, his descendants extended their manorial domains through western Andalusia, around Sanlúcar de Barrameda and obtained the County of Niebla, as well as the position of major advance of the Andalusian border. It stands out among them Juan Alonso de Guzmán (1410-68), to whom Juan II granted the title of Duke of Medina Sidonia, who would henceforth carry his descendants: Enrique de Guzmán el Bueno y Meneses (?-1492) participated in the wars of the Catholic Monarchs against the Kingdom of Granada, standing out in the taking of Alhama and Malaga.He was succeeded by his son Juan Alonso de Guzmán el Bueno (?-1559), who participated in several expeditions against North Africa. His grandson Alonso Pérez de Guzmán (?-1619) was appointed by Felipe II to command the Invincible Armada, destined to invade England (1588); hi...

Jose Mauri Biography

José Mauri (Valencia, 1856-Havana, 1937) Spanish composer.Installed in Cuba for most of his life, he founded the conservatory that bears his name there (1914).His work includes numerous songs and the opera The Slave (1921).

Gregory IX Biography

Gregory IX (Ugolino de Segni; Anagni, c .1170-Rome, 1241) Pope of the Catholic Church (1227-1241).Nephew of Pope Innocent III, he studied in Paris and Bologna and in 1206 he was appointed Cardinal Bishop of Ostia by his uncle.A man of notable legal scholarship, he defended with great energy the claims of power of the papacy and the freedom of the church, for which reason he came into conflict with Emperor Frederick II Hohenstaufen. Pope Gregory IX approves the Decretals (fresco by Rafael Sanzio) Already in 1227 he excommunicated Frederick II for failing to fulfill his promise to undertake a new crusade, and in 1229 ordered the invasion of the kingdom of Sicily.In 1230 he made peace with the emperor, although the struggle between the Church and the emperor continued.In 1239 he again excommunicated Federico II and decreed a crusade against him; the imperial troops were about to enter Rome when he passed away. During his pontificate, Gregory IX founded the Inquisition and, with ...

Clément Ader Biography

Clément Ader (Muret, 1841-Toulouse, 1925) French aeronautical engineer.Already in his childhood he designed a large kite that could lift adult men off the ground.Ader was inventive, and in his youth he made a velocipede with rubber wheels and a balloon that he built during the Franco-Prussian War and that he gave to the city of Toulouse at the end of the war. In 1876 he left his job at the Administration des Ponts et Chaussées (Ministry of Bridges and Roads), he moved to Paris and devoted himself to communications.In 1880 he collaborated in the installation of the first private telephone line in the city, using components designed by him; one of them was the Théâtrophone , with which you could listen to opera from your own home.All of this brought him great income. Ader observed the flight of numerous species of birds and bats, which he captured and kept in facilities built in his own home.His purpose was to achieve a machine with a lifting force such that it counteracts that o...

Fortunato Lacamera Biography

Fortunato Lacamera (Buenos Aires, 1887- id ., 1951) Argentine painter.Belonging to the group of painters from the La Boca neighborhood, he also contributed to the founding of the group for the promotion of art Impulso, of which he was president.His works show the streets, interiors and motifs of the waterfront.

Jose de San Martin: A Hero of South America

To talk about Jose de San Martin, we have to place historically in the South American independence of the Spanish colonies.If we place it chronologically, we will be talking about the beginning of the 19th century. While Europe was living the vicissitudes of a young French military, called Napoleon , in America, the new enlightened currents, the new policies and a society prepared to rule its own future , lit the fuse of the Independence .If we talk about relevant and necessary figures to carry out such a company in South America, we certainly have to refer to Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Marti . In this article we will focus on Jose de San Martin , independence hero of Argentina, Chile and Peru, c How was his life, his motivations, his military career and his independence achievements, a man of firm convictions. Jose de San Martin | Childhood and Youth His full name was Jose Francisco de San Marti y Matorras , he was born in Yapeyu or as he was called in his ...

Josef Willem Mengelberg Biography

Josef Willem Mengelberg (Utrecht, 1871-Zuort, 1951) Dutch conductor.He studied in his hometown with Richard Hol, Henri Wilhelm Petri and Anton Averkamp and later moved to Cologne (Germany), in whose conservatory he studied theory and counterpoint with G.Jensen, piano with I.Seiss and organ with F.W.Franke, in addition to directing and composing with Franz Wüllner. He was musical director of the Lucerne Conservatory in 1892 and years later, in 1895, he obtained the position of director of the Amsterdam Concertgebouw Orchestra, a position he held until 1945.He also continued directing the Museum Concerts group in Frankfurt between 1907 and 1920.From 1899 he annually conducted the Amsterdam Toonkunst Choir in its interpretation of the Passion According to Saint Matthew by JS Bach. He also conducted the American National Symphony Orchestra in New York between 1920 and 1929 and was principal conductor of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra from 1921 until he left it due to differen...

Joseph H. Maclagan Wedderburn Biography

Joseph H.Maclagan Wedderburn (Forfar, 1882-Princeton, 1948) British mathematician.Professor at Princeton University, he was editor of the Proceedings of the Edinburgh mathematical society (1905-1909) and the Annals of mathematics (1912-1928).He stated a theorem ( Wedderburn's theorem ) according to which every finite field is commutative.

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