Alejandro Malaspina Biography

Alejandro Malaspina

(Palermo, present-day Italy, 1754-Pontremoli, id., 1809) Italian sailor in the service of the Spanish Crown.He distinguished himself in various naval operations against England, after which he was promoted to lieutenant (1780).In 1789 he led a scientific expedition commanded by the Corvettes Discovered and Daring with the aim of circumnavigating the globe, taking on board important scientific personalities and a good number of expert cartoonists.In the course of it he traveled the American coasts of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata and the western ones from Tierra del Fuego to Alaska, as well as the Philippines and some archipelagos of Oceania, to finally return in September 1794.However, Malaspina fell from grace and, in November 1795, was accused by Manuel Godoy of revolutionary and conspirator and sentenced to ten years in prison.In 1803 he was exiled to Italy, where he died.

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Camilo Torres Restrepo Biography

Camilo Torres Restrepo (Jorge Camilo Torres Restrepo; Bogotá, 1929-San Vicente de Chucurí, Santander, 1966) Priest and Colombian guerrilla.After being ordained a priest in 1954 and completing his training with sociology studies in Belgium (1954-1959), he participated in the founding of the Faculty of Sociology of the National University of Colombia, where he taught between 1959 and 1962. Camilo Torres Restrepo Worried since his youth about deep social inequalities, the charismatic personality of Camilo Torres Restrepo, the coherence of his progressive message and his initiatives in favor of the classes most disadvantaged had made him, since his return to the country, a figure of great relevance.The expulsion from the university (1962) increased its public projection and marked the beginning of an approach to revolutionary positions, which culminated in the abandonment of the priesthood and the incorporation of the National Liberation Army into the guerrilla (1965).Since then cal...

Giuliano da Sangallo Biography

Giuliano da Sangallo (Giuliano Giamberti, Florence, c. 1445- id. , 1516) Italian architect and sculptor.In his youth he worked as a carver sculptor and completed his training in Rome.As a military architect, he worked on the fortifications of Colle Val d'Elsa, on the Poggio Imperiale de Poggibonsi and on the fortresses of Ostia and Sansepolcro.Around 1480 the Medicean palace of Poggio a Caiano began; he made the Sassetti tomb (Santa Trinità, Florence), and between 1483 and 1485 he built in Florence the church of Santa Maria Maddalena de'Pazzi and the church of Santa Maria delle Carceri in Prato.He collaborated with his brother and others to start the Strozzi Palace and the Gondi Palace, both in Florence.In 1499 he collaborated with Bramante on the dome of the Loreto basilica.In 1514 he took charge of the San Pedro factory, with Fra'Giocondo and Rafael.A leading figure of his time, heir and original interpreter of Brunelleschian forms, his contribution was fundamental ...

Jorge Carrera Andrade Biography

Jorge Carrera Andrade (Quito, 1903-1978) Ecuadorian poet whose work is considered the overcoming of modernism and the initiation of the avant-garde in his country.Cosmopolitan in his training and in his aesthetic approaches, he widely transcended local borders and practiced translation, essays and diplomacy with the same zeal with which he cultivated poetry. Jorge Carrera Andrade He studied at the Faculty of Jurisprudence in Quito, at the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters in Barcelona (Spain) and at the Faculty of Aix (France).Politician and diplomat, he was Secretary General of the Ecuadorian Socialist Party (1927-1928), Secretary of the Senate and Congress, Consul of his country in Paita (Peru), Le Havre (France), Yokohama (Japan) and San Francisco (United States ); Secretary of the Embassy in Venezuela, plenipotentiary minister in Great Britain and delegate to the U.N.E.S.C.O. Boletines de mar y tierra (1930) is written under the influence of the Spanish-American vanguard...

Josep Pla Biography

Josep Pla (Palafrugell, Spain, 1897-Llofriu, id., 1981) Spanish writer in Catalan and Castilian languages.In 1918 he moved to Barcelona to study medicine, which he abandoned shortly after, to finally graduate in law.During those years he frequented the gatherings of the Barcelona Athenaeum, where he met Josep Maria de Sagarra and Eugeni D'Ors, among others.He regularly collaborated in various publications (Las Noticias and La veu de Catalunya) and worked as a press correspondent in several European countries.After the Spanish civil war, he collaborated in the magazine Destino and wrote some works in Spanish. Josep Pla Josep Pla's work, very extensive, includes travel chronicles, biographical and historical studies, novels and stories, although his temperament was little given to literary fiction.Enemy of rhetoric and false ornamentation, his style is characterized by its balance and an apparent simplicity, at the service of an acute capacity for observation, so that his ...

X-ray history

The X-rays were discovered in 1895 and from there they became a very revolutionary application in many branches of science, from astronomy to radiographs that we have not done so many times.the 120th anniversary of the X-rays knowing his inventor and the research that led him to such an important scientific advance. Article index Who invented the X-rays? The inventor or, rather, the person who discovered the X-rays was Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen , a German physicist who was focused on the field of electromagnetics Nothing else to present his discovery, Rontgen's theory received great attention from critics and public, and was translated into French, English or Russian. Although it is not a name as well known today as that of others you celebrate writers, the name of Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen is written in gold letters in the medical field, where he has had and has and numerous applications.The importance of his discovery was such in his day that he was the first Nobel Prize ...

Gregory IX Biography

Gregory IX (Ugolino de Segni; Anagni, c .1170-Rome, 1241) Pope of the Catholic Church (1227-1241).Nephew of Pope Innocent III, he studied in Paris and Bologna and in 1206 he was appointed Cardinal Bishop of Ostia by his uncle.A man of notable legal scholarship, he defended with great energy the claims of power of the papacy and the freedom of the church, for which reason he came into conflict with Emperor Frederick II Hohenstaufen. Pope Gregory IX approves the Decretals (fresco by Rafael Sanzio) Already in 1227 he excommunicated Frederick II for failing to fulfill his promise to undertake a new crusade, and in 1229 ordered the invasion of the kingdom of Sicily.In 1230 he made peace with the emperor, although the struggle between the Church and the emperor continued.In 1239 he again excommunicated Federico II and decreed a crusade against him; the imperial troops were about to enter Rome when he passed away. During his pontificate, Gregory IX founded the Inquisition and, with ...

Alexandr Izvolski Biography

Alexandr Izvolski (Moscow, 1856-Paris, 1919) Russian politician and diplomat, main architect of the alliance between Russia and England in the years before the First World War. Alexandr Izvolski Educated at the Imperial Lyceum in Saint Petersburg, he soon held important diplomatic posts: he was Russian ambassador to the Vatican, Yugoslavia, Germany, Japan and Denmark.Between 1906 and 1910 he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs; after that he was appointed ambassador to France. In 1907, Izvolski signed a pact that strengthened the alliance between France and England against Germany.Thanks to this pact, the British and the Russians divided Persia, which was divided into three zones of influence: a British, a Russian and a neutral zone between the two (Afghanistan was under the protection of Great Britain).This pact, together with the Franco-Russian alliance of 1890 and the Anglo-French agreement of 1904, formed the embryo of what would later become the Triple Entente. In Oct...

March ephemerides

The month of March according to the Gregorian calendar, is the third month of the year, composed of 31 days .Its name is derived from the Latin word Martius which in turn comes from Mars, Latin name of the planet Mars, which is also the god of struggle and battle, the god of war.But the reason for this article is not talk about the calendars and their origin but to know what relevant events took place in March, such as important births, decisive battles, discovery or foundation of cities, scientific discoveries, etc., in short, the Efemerides of the month of March. Article index Efemerides of the month of March | Efemerides March is a special month, is the month in which the great transformation of nature occurs, on 20/21, one of the two equinoxes of the year , which are the times when both day and night have the same duration. The equinox of March is that of spring for the northern hemisphere, while it will be autumn in the southern.Time when having more hours...

The US intervention in Vietnam

Between 1955 and 1964, the internal conflict in Vietnam opened its doors to an increasingly strong US intervention, who would end up waging his own war against the communist government of North Vietnam. In our previous article we have delved into the origins of the political conflict in Vietnam .The situation as it was raised in 1955 showed the territory of Vietnam divided into two states with policies opposite.One of them was communist ( North Vietnam ) and the other capitalist ( South Vietnam ).The latter would soon open its doors to American "help" in the fight against communism . The beginning of American intervention Just as it had happened just a short time ago during the Korean War , this was precisely the kind of scenario where the United States acudia to fight their battles against the " communist threat ", what we know as the " Cold War ". Recall that during the War Cold , the United States hardened their policy against...

The history of the flags of the world

Maybe you've ever stopped to think where the flags come from, because they have those colors or shapes, because some have drawings and others have stripes.Because there are flags of different countries that are very similar, it may be a coincidence or perhaps they have something in common.To this and other questions we will answer in this article that we have titled The history of the flags of the world. History of the flags of the world | Origin of the Flags The flags are responsible for generating the identity signals of a country , it is the embodiment of a series of values that hold a community together or region that share a series of characteristics, whether geographical, cultural or historical. When several nations have shared a common period in history, it is normal that they also share symbols, examples such as the flags of the Nordic countries or as with New Zealand and Australia. Today all countries are represented by their corresponding flag, but ...

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