Alexandr Izvolski Biography

Alexandr Izvolski

(Moscow, 1856-Paris, 1919) Russian politician and diplomat, main architect of the alliance between Russia and England in the years before the First World War.

Alexandr Izvolski

Educated at the Imperial Lyceum in Saint Petersburg, he soon held important diplomatic posts: he was Russian ambassador to the Vatican, Yugoslavia, Germany, Japan and Denmark.Between 1906 and 1910 he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs; after that he was appointed ambassador to France.

In 1907, Izvolski signed a pact that strengthened the alliance between France and England against Germany.Thanks to this pact, the British and the Russians divided Persia, which was divided into three zones of influence: a British, a Russian and a neutral zone between the two (Afghanistan was under the protection of Great Britain).This pact, together with the Franco-Russian alliance of 1890 and the Anglo-French agreement of 1904, formed the embryo of what would later become the Triple Entente.

In October 1908, Bosnia and Herzegovina were annexed to Austria-Hungary after a meeting in which the Count of Arhental knew how to handle Izvolski; Arhental secretly suggested the use of the strategic enclaves of the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus in exchange for said annexation.However, it was of little use to Russia.The representative of Austria-Hungary did not keep his word and, immediately after annexation, the central powers achieved a victory in the Balkans.This not only caused a crisis in the region, but also caused Austria to increase its importance at the expense of Russia, causing its ire and the discrediting of Izvolski.

When in 1910 he was appointed plenipotentiary minister in Paris for Tsar Nicholas II, Izvolski did everything in his power to further strengthen the Russian Alliance with the British and French, against the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Germans.After the fall of the Romanov dynasty, after the Russian Revolution, he remained in Paris, the city where he died.

Comments

Jose Risueño Biography

José Risueño (Granada, 1665- id ., 1732) Spanish sculptor and painter.Follower of A.Cano, P.de Mena and D.de Mora, he worked in Granada, where he made the figures of the chapel of the Sacrament of the Carthusian monastery, the San Juan de Dios of the church of San Matías and the Crucified Christ of Sacromonte.It is famous for its polychrome baked clay figurines ( Penitent Magdalene ).

Giovanni leone Biography

Giovanni Leone (Naples, 1908-Rome, 2001) Italian politician, President of the Republic from December 1971 to December 1978.He obtained a law degree in 1930 and a year later he graduated in Social and Political Sciences from the University of Camerino, where he was a student of Enrico de Nicola, future President of the Republic.In 1933, after obtaining a doctorate in both specialties, he began his teaching career, which throughout his life would alternate with politics and the practice of law from his Neapolitan law firm. He held the chair of Law at the universities of Camerino, Messina, Bari, Naples and Rome.He enrolled in the Christian Democracy (DC) in 1944, and in 1945 he was elected political secretary of the Neapolitan section.Likewise, with the end of the war he was awarded the rank of lieutenant colonel of the military justice system.In 1946 he was elected deputy in the Constituent Assembly and was part of the "Commission of 75" that drew up the Constitution. Ag...

Bruno Munari Biography

Bruno Munari (Milan, 1907- id ., 1998) Italian artist and designer.His investigations since the 1930s on the possibilities of movement and abstract forms have led him to an original expression within kinetic art.Since 1958 he has devoted himself, above all, to design (works for B.Danese).

Why do Hindu women wear a red dot on their forehead?

It is one of the great mysteries (or perhaps not so mysterious) of humanity. Why do Hindu women wear a red dot on their forehead ? Everything has its explanation.And in this case, it would not be less. What seems logical is that in a culture like India, where colors are so relevant, one of its greatest symbols is this red dot or bindi .Bindi, in fact, in Indian means point.To complicate when the word for point is so cool.In fact, in the West, there are few people who already refers to this point as bindi, with total normality and as if it were our word. To begin with, it must be said that not in all cases it is red, because the bindi can be presented in several shades.However, before shelling the different shades, we should know that the bindi is associated with the third eye .Specifically, the point of energy they manage to unlock through meditation.Let's say it's the way they reach inner peace.It’s cool, right? Well, it's just one of the theories about bindi. Ma...

The US intervention in Vietnam

Between 1955 and 1964, the internal conflict in Vietnam opened its doors to an increasingly strong US intervention, who would end up waging his own war against the communist government of North Vietnam. In our previous article we have delved into the origins of the political conflict in Vietnam .The situation as it was raised in 1955 showed the territory of Vietnam divided into two states with policies opposite.One of them was communist ( North Vietnam ) and the other capitalist ( South Vietnam ).The latter would soon open its doors to American "help" in the fight against communism . The beginning of American intervention Just as it had happened just a short time ago during the Korean War , this was precisely the kind of scenario where the United States acudia to fight their battles against the " communist threat ", what we know as the " Cold War ". Recall that during the War Cold , the United States hardened their policy against...

Carl Gustav Jung Biography

Carl Gustav Jung (Kesswill, 1875-Küssnacht, 1961) Swiss psychologist and psychiatrist.He studied medicine in Basel, and began his activity at the beginning of this century, in the psychiatric clinic of the University of Zurich, of which he was later medical director. Carl Gustav Jung After having followed in Paris, for a semester, the psychopathology courses given by Pierre Janet at la Salpêtrière (1902), He returned to Zurich, worked at the Burghölzli clinic under the guidance of Eugen Bleuler and carried out studies that soon made him famous ( Diagnostiche Assoziations-Studien , 1904-1906). In 1905 he was appointed a free professor of psychiatry.While he was still working in the last clinic mentioned, of which he had become chief physician, he met Sigmund Freud in 1907, with whom he began a fruitful collaboration.He was editor of the Jahrbuch für psychoanalytische und psychopathologische Forschungen , directed by Bleuler and Freud, and in 1911 he became president of the ne...

What is the true origin of Father's Day?

On March 19, Father's Day is celebrated, and although we know that in Spain this celebration occurs on this day because it coincides with the day of the death of San Jose, putative father of Jesus Christ, the truth is that the real origin is a completely different one, then What is the true origin of Father's Day? In Spain Father's Day is celebrated since the 50s , when, following a bell at the department store, Galerias Preciados, it was established that every March 19, it was decided to exalt with gifts to the parents (in 1948 there was already a previous celebration with Mass, gifts and performances in the school of the teacher Manuela Vicente Ferrero which was the first one that I celebrate this day), but it was not in our country where this celebration originated. It seems that the custom of celebrating Father's Day comes to us from the United States and was celebrated for the first time in the early twentieth century, when a young woman decided to ...

Giambattista Tiepolo Biography

Giambattista Tiepolo (Giambattista or Giovanni Battista Tiepolo; Venice, 1696-Madrid, 1770) Italian painter.He studied the works of Sebastiano Ricci, Veronese and Giovanni Battista Piazzetta, and imitated the chromaticism, with its violent chiaroscuro effects, of the latter.In his early ceiling paintings (Archinti and Dugnani palaces in Milan) he reaffirmed his decorative talent, based on architectural perspectives, trompe-l'oeil paintings and moving crowds. His first important work, the decorative cycle of the archiepiscopal palace of Udine (1727-1728), composed of biblical narratives, already denotes in the conformation of the figures (of great naturalism) and in the composition of the same contributions from the artist himself, although certain influences from Sebastiano Ricci and Veronese are still detected. Feast of Antony and Cleopatra (c.1743), by Tiepolo In Milan he worked in the Clerici Palace; in Venice he did it in the Scalzi church and in the Labia palace.The...

Bruno walter Biography

Bruno Walter (Berlin, 1876-Beverly Hills, 1962) German conductor and composer, nationalized American.Bruno Walter studied music at the Stern Conservatory in his hometown with the intention of undertaking a career as a pianist, an instrument with which he debuted as a soloist at the age of thirteen playing the Piano Concerto in E flat de Moscheles with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra.But it was when listening to Hans von Bulow conduct that he decided to focus on conducting.In 1894, at the age of eighteen, he made his debut with the opera Der Waffenschmied by Gustav Lortzing leading the orchestra at the Cologne Opera. Bruno Walter Until 1896 he remained in the orchestra as a trainee conductor, and that same year he moved to Hamburg, where he received lessons from Gustav Mahler.His relationship with Mahler was decisive for his professional career, because of the teachings he received from Mahler and because it was the Austrian composer who provided him with a job as a conduct...

History Today Online

Search This Blog