Alexandra Kollontai
(Alexandra Domontovic; Saint Petersburg, 1872-Moscow, 1952) Soviet politics.Daughter of a general assistant to the Tsar, upon finishing her studies in Switzerland she joined the socialist movement and joined the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party, within which she was active, first of all, in the Bolshevik current, to immediately pass to the Menshevik tendency.
At the outbreak of World War I, she became a contributor to Trotsky's magazine, Nase Slovo : these were the years of theorizing about an alliance with the Bolsheviks.In 1915 he again embraced the ideology of the latter and, two years later, after the February revolution, he expressed his agreement with Lenin's "April theses", and was part of the group of leaders of the armed insurrection.
Alexandra Kollontai
After the VIII Party Congress, he aligned himself with the left of Bukharin, who refused to accept the peace conditions imposed by Germany.Starting in the 1920s, he became one of the most convinced representatives of the so-called "workers opposition", a very prominent current of the working-class left, which expressed clear disagreements with the Party leadership, which it accused of excessive centralism and to limit freedom of discussion.In the program and in the line that inspired the workerist tendency was the new role that the union was going to assume: the control and management of the industry.
In 1921, the different tendencies that characterized the internal debate of the Party were dissolved.Kollontai adhered to the "Declaration of 22", which took up some ideas of the "workers opposition".She was accused of sectarianism and threatened with expulsion from the party.Kollontai, who was explicitly critical of Stalin's political line, was removed from the country and sent on a diplomatic mission to Norway, Mexico and Sweden.She was the first woman to hold the position of ambassador.
The most original theoretical contribution of Kollontai, and that was to provoke a wide debate in the history of female emancipation, even outside of Europe, has to do with the idea of sexual freedom.In the traditional line of Marx and Engels, that of Origins of the family , Kollontai affirmed that in communist society, equality, reciprocal recognition of rights and brotherly understanding should become guiding principles of relations between men and women.Thus, it upheld the right of women to total parity with men in social, family and sexual life.
The whole of her work, her numerous articles and speeches, with their lucidity and coherence, still today represents an original manifesto for a history of women's liberation.Among his works are: Women before social development (1909); Society and Maternity , from 1916; The new morality and the working class , 1918; and Autobiography of a sexually emancipated communist (1926).
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