During the Middle Ages, Europe began to define itself, borders, religion, society, economy, etc.With the arrival of the Renaissance, the mentality of the Society begins to change.Knowledge, culture, arts and sciences take interest not only among the scientific community but also among the highest strata of society, the monarchy.Kings like Carlos I in Spain or Francisco I of France who is considered Father and Restorer of the Letters , they were largely artificial of these changes.Do you want to know how ?.
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Biography of Francisco I of France
Luis XII, would die on January 1 of 1515 without offspring , his determination to obtain a male son who would ensure continuity on the throne of France, was in vain.Three months before he died, he contracted Marriage with Maria, sister of the English King Henry VIII with the only hope of giving France an heir.
It was necessary to look for a suitor to the kingdom of France, with the death of the king the branch of the Valois-Orleas would be extinct.There was another trunk branch, the one belonging to the house of the Valois-Angoulême and within this house there was a young man of 20 years.On January 25, 1515, Francisco I is crowned in the Cathedral of Reims.
Francisco was born in Cognac on September 12 of the year 1494 , his parents were somewhat peculiar with a mother very intelligent, educated and willful, Luisa de Savoy , while his father Carlos de Angoulême , was what we would call today a true "vividor", an unfaithful husband but a great follower of Boccace's texts.Do Francisco turns two years old his father dies on January 1, 1496, an event that leaves the young widow and her son in a difficult situation.
Luis de Orleans, who later reinary under the name of Louis XII , took over the guardianship of little Francisco , making all the decisions that concern the little one, that included the education he was going to receive.When Luis de Orleans arrives at the throne of France , moves to the Loire Valley, to the castle of Amboise , with the king Francisco and his young mother would also move, where the little will receive a courteous education .
From this moment on the new King of France, Louis XII will decide with whom young Francis should relate.>, to something that the mother of this does not like, that she prefers to cultivate and not abandon her education.
Youth and Education
The young Francisco begins to be interested in the letters and does not waste time losing himself among the hundreds of volumes that had the library of his grandfather, Juan de Angoulême .Among his tutors and instructors , representatives of the new current from Italy and that he was coming to Europe in the form of new thinking, Humanism.
Francisco receives influences from the new religious currents from both Flanders and Italy, largely influenced by his older sister Margarita, despite all Francisco will always feel faithful to Rome.
His education was very intense , he knew how to speak both Italian and Spanish, in addition to his mother tongue French. The new territories discovered overseas, are interested in .He is passionate about cartography and is very interested in knowing the extent of new discoveries.
As a good man of court he likes the hunting, especially deer hunting, also enjoy ball games and tournaments, a stocky young man and heavily influenced by ancient classical heroes, such as those described by Plutarch. Learn different military techniques , the melee fight that seems to be quite skilled.
His youth therefore runs happily and oblivious to the problems of country, sounds with great military deeds .Se case with 19 years with the daughter of Louis XII and Ana de Bretana , Claudia de France .Francisco is the only son of Carlos de Orleans, a dynasty related to the Valois and therefore, with rights to the throne of France.
When Louis XII dies without offspring, he had left a legacy in the form of a young man who au Although he had not been his son, he had been educated and treated as such.The King dies on January 1, 1515 and on the 25th of that same month, with 20 years of age, Francisco is proclaimed in the cathedral of Reims , King of France, reigning under the name of Francisco I.
Prince of the Renaissance
As we well advanced Previously, Humanism a new current of thought, begins to expand throughout Europe and of course it arrives in France in Francisco's youth, receiving different influences especially from its instructors.
The Renaissance was a break with the above , in the face of medieval ideas, humanism breaks with the idea of God as the center of everything to become man , a totally different philosophy to which he had prevailed until now.
With principles such as happiness should not be sought in God but on earth , man must be happy in life, not wait heavenly rewards. Francisco I is part of this new movement , helping to spread new ideas from Italy.I worry about bringing the best artists to France , like Leonardo de Vinci who influenced the architecture of some castles of the Loire, specifically that of Chambord.
Leonardo settles in France and with him his most representative works such as Gioconda or La Virgen, Nino Jesus and Santa arrive Ana.It is Francisco himself who entrusts him with various work s such as the organization of parties in Amboise, design of costumes for parties and newspapers, p It was especially the design of different castles .So much so that Leonardo De Vinci dies in the residence of the King of France, in the Castle of Amboise.
Within this new current Renaissance, it is worth noting two Castles built under the reign of Francisco I the Castle of Blois and that of Fontainebleau.
Descendancy
Francisco married Claudia de Francia , at the age of 19, daughter of her mentor and predecessor in the kingdom of France, Louis XII.From this marriage 7 children would be born , whose names are:
- Luisa -Born on August 19, 1515 and died on September 21 of 1517, at two years of age and committed to Carlos I of Spain.
- Carlota -Born on October 23, 1516 and died on September 8, 1524.death was due to getting sick with rubella, a fact that inspired his aunt Margarita, queen of Navarra, the reformist poem entitled Dialogues in the form of night vision.
- Francisco -Born on February 28, 1518 and died on August 10, 1536, with treatment of Delfin and Duke of Brittany.
- Enrique -Born on March 31, 1519 and died on July 10, 1559, he held the title of Duke of Orleans, after Delfin of France and last King of France with the name of Henry II.
- Magdalena -Born on August 10, 1520 and died on September 9, 1537, she became Queen of Scotland, after her marriage to James V.His life ended because of tuberculosis.
- Carlos -Born on January 22, 1522 and died on September 9, 1537, the title of Duke of Angouleme.
- Margarita -Born on June 5, 1523 and died on September 14, 1574, this time the titles of Duchess of Berry and Duchess of Savoy thanks to her marriage to Duke Manuel Filiberto de Saboya.I am considered a candidate for Enrique's wife.VIII after the death of Jane Seymour.
Foreign Policy
March against Italy where after the triumph in the battle of Marignano , he obtained important peace treaties that he would give to the monarchy French the stability of its borders , especially in the Swiss cantons.Among its greatest triumphs in Italy it is necessary to highlight the assignment of the Milanese .I did not like much in the rest of Europe, causing some destabilization in European politics, to the point of a subsequent intervention by the Spanish Emperor Carlos I , in Italy.
Italy could be the unbalancing piece and cause of multiple clashes between Spain and France.Perhaps one of the most famous was the Battle of Pavia in 1521-1525 , where Francisco was taken prisoner and forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid in 1 526, where he should give up his rights over the Milanese, Genova and Naples , in addition to other much closer territories and Aragon claims as was the Borgona, Artois , Tournai and Flanders .
To make sure that the French king would comply with what was signed, set him free in exchange for leaving his two eldest sons hostage. One of the sons was the heir to the throne, Francisco and Enrique Duke of Orleans.When the king arrived in France, broke the signed treaty , which caused a stay of 4 years of his children in Castile.
In 1529 , a new conflict confronts Spain and France , a conflict that culminates with a new peace firm called Peace of Cambrai or of the Ladies .The mot The latter's name is because they were Luisa de Savoie and Margarita de Austria , mother and aunt of the disputed kings.For this treatise Francisco I , now a widower, would marry Leonor of Austria , widow of the king of Portugal.M atrimony that took place in 1530 .
It was then that the new queen would return the sons of the king to France .This signature did not it was only a marriage agreement, but also was implicit in the payment of 2 million gold shields , in exchange the Spanish emperor would renounce his interests in Borgona .
In 1538 , another new battle was lost by Francisco against the Spanish emperor, it was signed the Truce of Nice, after Peace arrived of Crepy in 1544 , last signature between both sovereigns, thus putting an end to their disputes.
The king of France not only had disputes with Emperor Charles I of Spain, but also showed his intolerance towards the Protestant movements s that began to appear in France, where they were called Huguenots.
Francisco I passed away on August 10, 1536 in the Castle of Tournon , on his death he was succeeded by his son Enrique , with the name of Henry II, king who continued with the disputes initiated by his father, first with Carlos I and then with his son Felipe II.But not all were enemies, Francisco also had allies as it was Henry VIII of England .
Francisco I of France | Image Gallery
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