Johann Heinrich von Thünen Biography

Johann Heinrich von Thünen

(Jever, Oldenburg, 1783-Tellow, Mecklenburg, 1850) German economist.With a solid mathematical background, Von Thünen dealt with agrarian economics, and his theories were a precedent for current industrial localization techniques.His main work is The isolationist state with respect to agriculture and the national economy (1826).

According to Von Thünen, in an ideal space (for example, an agricultural area of homogeneous fertility and surrounded by a desert area), agricultural holdings are located in such a way that transport costs are minimized, and therefore their Distribution is a function of the distance to the consumption centers.As demand increases due to the demographic increase of the city, if the supply of agricultural products is rigid, then prices will increase, and as a consequence of this, increasingly remote areas will be cultivated, configuring isolines of equal cost, which form concentric circles around the city.

Although Von Thünen's studies dealt with agriculture, his work is a precursor of the modern spatial economy, which deals with industrial location and commercial areas, land use (agricultural, residential, industrial, tertiary, etc.) and the levels of accessibility that affect transport and urban structures.The location of industries is closely related to the minimization of production costs, and for this reason they are geographically located around consumption centers or, sometimes, around the manufacture of a specific product, as is the case, for For example, the attractive effect of an automobile factory on its auxiliary industries.

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