José María Plans and Freire Biography

José María Plans y Freire

(José María Plans y Freyre or Freire; Barcelona, 1878-Madrid, 1934) Spanish scientist.After studying physical-mathematical sciences at the University of Barcelona, Plans y Freyre completed a doctorate in Madrid.In 1905 he obtained by opposition the chair of physics and chemistry at the Castellón de la Plana Institute of Secondary Education, and in 1909 the chair of rational mechanics at the University of Zaragoza.

He stayed in this city until 1917, to hold the chair of cosmography and physics of the globe, and also gave a series of lectures on thermodynamics, gathered in a book entitled Lessons in thermodynamics (1913).In 1917, Plans y Freyre obtained the chair of celestial mechanics at the University of Madrid and in the academic year 1917-1918 he joined together with José Gabriel Álvarez Ude in the laboratory and mathematical seminar of the Board for Expansion of Studies, directed by Julio Rey Pastor, as a collaborator and research director.

The theory of relativity, which had begun to take citizenship status in Spain, thanks above all to the work of Blas Cabrera and Esteban Terradas, was a special object of attention from Plans and Freyre.In 1918 he published an article in which, taking the principle of relativity for granted, he exposed the connections between relativistic mechanics and Born's hyperbolic motion.Around the same time, he began directing research on this theory, including the doctoral thesis of Pedro Puig Adam.

In 1921, José María Plans y Freyre published Fundamental notions of relativistic mechanics , a work awarded by the Royal Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences of Madrid.This work is the first systematic treatise on general relativity, although only by way of introduction.Three years later, he published Notions of absolute difference calculus and its applications , a work that sets out the essential mathematical basis for approaching general relativity.

Plans y Freyre became the main disseminator of Einstein's theories in Spain, and also gave considerable impetus to research on these theories.Einstein himself would highlight in Plans "a pilgrim art of expressing deductions with luminosity and relief".

Comments

Francisco Galí Biography

Francisco Galí (Seville, 1539-Mexico, 1591) Spanish navigator.In 1582 he undertook a trip to the coast of North America by order of the viceroy of Mexico Pedro Moya.He explored some of the islands of the Hawaiian archipelago, the coast of Baja California and the San Francisco Bay.He wrote an account of his travels.

Johannes itten Biography

Johannes Itten (Süder-Linden, 1888-Zurich, 1967) Swiss painter.He was closely associated with the German school known as the Bauhaus, of which he was one of its founding members. He began his studies in 1904, and entered a seminary on teachers in Bern.After these, he worked as a teacher.In keeping with his heterogeneous taste, he enrolled in courses in mathematics and natural sciences, which had great influence when he was later commissioned to direct the "Vorkus" or preparatory course for studies at the Bauhaus. Johannes Itten In 1913 he moved to Stuttgart, where he received drawing and painting classes at the city's Academy of Art, where he followed the courses taught by Adolf Hoezel.The same year that he moved to Vienna, in 1916, he came into contact with the artists gathered around the publication called Der Sturm (The Storm), with whom he exhibited his first works.Until his installation in Weimar to attend to Walter Gropius' request that he be part of th...

Guido adler Biography

Guido Adler (Eibenschitz, 1855-Vienna, 1941) Austrian musicologist.He was a disciple of Bruckner and edited the Monuments of Austrian music (1894-1938).He is the author of studies on Wagner (1904) and Mahler (1916) and of a Manual of the history of music (1924).

Gerardo Dottori Biography

Gerardo Dottori (Perugia, 1888- id ., 1977) Italian painter.Signatory of the manifesto of aeropainting in 1929, his work is characterized by an aerial perspective painting of great lyricism ( Miracle of lights, flying ).

Johannes Diderik Van der Waals Biography

Johannes Diderik Van der Waals (Leiden, Netherlands, 1837-Amsterdam, 1923) Dutch physicist.Professor at the universities of The Hague (1877) and Amsterdam (1908), he is known for the equation of the state of real gases (Van der Waals equation) that allows a closer approximation to physical reality than the ideal gas equation , by taking into account the existing interaction forces between the molecules; This contribution led to the award, in 1910, of the Nobel Prize in Physics.He also developed research on electrolytic dissociation, on the thermodynamic theory of capillarity and on fluid statics.He also studied the electrostatic attractive forces (Van der Waals forces) exerted between the constituent molecules of matter, which have their origin in the distribution of positive and negative charges in the molecule. JD Van der Waals Among the contributions of Van der Waals stands out the aforementioned refinement of the laws (discovered by Robert Boyle and Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac) ...

Joseph Kasavubu Biography

Joseph Kasavubu (Tshela, 1910-Boma, 1969) Politician of Zaire.Defender of the interests of the Congolese vis-à-vis Belgium and of their independence, he actively participated in organizations aimed at achieving these ends, mainly in ABAKO (the nationalist movement "Alianza de Bakongo").He was the first president of the newly proclaimed Republic from 1960 to 1965, once independence from Belgium was achieved. Joseph Kasavubu In an early stage of his life, influenced perhaps by the education received from the Catholic missionaries, he served as a lay teacher.Subsequently, in 1942, he became a senior officer in the civil service, the most important position that a native of the Congo could access within the Belgian colonial administration.At the end of that decade he turned all his efforts into different Congolese independence movements that fought against the Belgian authorities, at the head of cultural organizations and student groups that were really masked political fo...

José Leonardo Alenza and Nieto Biography

José Leonardo Alenza y Nieto (Madrid, 1807-id., 1845) Spanish painter.He was trained at the Academia de San Fernando, and his first works, on a historical and allegorical theme, such as Fernando VII mourned by the arts and sciences , are framed in the line that then prevailed within the the highest artistic institution. Later, under the influence of Goya's work, he turned towards a more personal style and gave the best of himself in paintings, drawings and engravings with scenes of customs, imbued with a great narrative spirit , which are a reflection of the Madrid of the time and are full of picaresque details. With these works and some others, such as Satire of romantic suicide , he established himself as one of the most outstanding figures of Spanish Romanticism.He was also a great portraitist.Only the presence of Goya explains why he did not reach a higher level in the panorama of Spanish painting.

Gerard walschap Biography

Gerard Walschap (Londerzeel, Flanders, 1898-Antwerp, 1989) Belgian writer in the Flemish language.His novels dealt with, from a strictly religious perspective, the political, moral and existential conflicts of the present time.The trilogy The Roothooft Family (1929-1933); Sister Virgilia (1951), his masterpiece; Rebellion in the Congo (1953) and Alter ego (1964).He also wrote plays, poems and essays.

Francisco Roldan Biography

Francisco Roldán (Moguer, 1462-Caribe, 1502) Spanish navigator.He accompanied Columbus on his second trip (1493) and was appointed mayor of La Isabela.He faced Bartolomé Colón and incited the Indians to rebellion.On the return of Columbus, he reached a pact with him (1499) by which the tributes were annulled and the first divisions of Indians were established.Ovando captured him and sent him to Spain. Knight of the house of the Catholic Monarchs, Francisco Roldán participated in the conquest of Granada (1492).A year after the discovery of America, on Christopher Columbus' second voyage to the New World, he went to the island of Hispaniola as a steward and supplier to the Navy.Later he was appointed by the Admiral Mayor of La Isabela and, later, of the entire island. During his absence, Colón entrusted the command to his brother Bartolomé Colón, with the position of advance.Roldán, who opposed this designation, won the support of the Indians by promising to exempt them from p...

Gonzalo Queipo de Llano Biography

Gonzalo Queipo de Llano (Gonzalo Queipo de Llano y Sierra; 1876-1951) Spanish military.He was a cadet at the Cavalry Academy, and came to fight in Cuba.In 1923 he reached the post of general, thanks to the war merits obtained in Morocco.Initially a sympathizer of the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera, a short time later he attacked her and the general, so in March 1928 he was transferred to the reserve and postponed in his promotion to major general. At the end of 1930 he starred in a failed republican attempt, together with Ramón Franco Bahamonde and a small group of officers and civilians, by storming the Cuatro Vientos aerodrome (Madrid), where he seized the radio station and spread the false news of that the Republic had been established throughout Spain.After his resounding failure he went into exile to France, where he became friends with Indalecio Prieto and Marcelino Domingo, among other Spanish exiles. Queipo de Llano in one of his famous harangues Radio stations during t...

History Today Online

Search This Blog