Skip to main content

Abd Al-Aziz IV Ibn Saud Biography

Abd Al-Aziz IV Ibn Saud

(Kuwait, 1902-Athens, 1969) King of Saudi Arabia.He was the son of Ibn Saud III, who he succeeded to the Saudi throne in 1953, since he held until 1964.Despite his great influence in the Islamic world, his close relations with Western countries, especially the United States, earned him the enmity of numerous governments of Arab countries.

He was educated in Kuwait, where his father was in exile.In 1933, a year after the constitution of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, he was proclaimed crown prince.At the head of the Saudi troops he defeated the Yemenis in the 1934 campaign.In 1939 his father Ibn Saud III appointed him Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and Viceroy of Hedjaz.When his father established the institution of the Council of Ministers in early 1953, for the first time in the history of Saudi Arabia, Ibn Saud IV became its president.

Ibn Saud

In September the king appointed him head of the military police forces.He ascended to the throne in November 1953 with the support of his brothers, after the death of his father.One of his first decisions was to name his brother Faysal Crown Prince.He continued with the modernization program of the country initiated by his father and created the ministries of Commerce, Education and Health.He made a special effort to strengthen the educational system.

Despite this Western aspect with which he endowed his government, his reign was characterized by an autocratic and personalist power, and the country continued to be plunged into a almost feudal regime.He strengthened the ties of friendship with the West and took a series of measures to facilitate the work of the oil companies.His regime was sustained thanks mainly to the high income obtained from the extraction of oil, which in turn allowed him to amass a considerable personal fortune, which made him the richest man in the world.He adopted a sumptuous way of life, which he maintained until his death.On his transfers he was accompanied by a large harem and an entourage made up of more than 150 people.When the Suez Canal Crisis broke out in 1956, Saud showed his full support for Egypt, breaking relations with France and the United Kingdom, as well as blocking the delivery of oil to both countries.

However, the arrival Money complicated the structure of the administration, which made it impossible for it to be controlled directly by the king as had happened in the kingdom until then.The country was involved in a deep internal crisis, as the king was unable to solve the problems that the country was facing.His mismanagement plunged the country into economic disaster.In 1957 he ended the separate administration for the Hedjaz region.That same year the construction of the new Nasriya Royal Palace was completed, where he established his residence.Also in 1957 he made his first state trip to the United States, a country with which he promised to allow him to continue using the Dharan air base, in exchange for the sending of instructors and war material.

His old friendship with the Egyptian leader Nasser broke down, and he began a series of trips around the world in order to replace Egypt as the main Arab power.His enmity with Egypt led him to prepare a plot against the Egyptian president; in this way, it tried to avoid the creation by Syria and Egypt of the United Arab Republic.The failure of the plot against the Egyptian dignitary made him lose much of his support in the court of Riyadh.

An illness plunged him into practically total blindness, for which he gave his brother Faysal in 1960 the presidency of the council of ministers.The new head of government assumed full control of foreign and domestic policy.He established a more austere administration and publicly lamented his brother's former profligacies, which had led to dangerous inflation.However, to avoid confrontations with the king, he announced that the sovereign continued to retain his authority and that he, as head of government, would continue to be loyal to his brother.Ibn Saud appointed Faysal as Minister of Defense in 1959, a position previously held by the sovereign's own son, Fahed.

Faysal's decision to end The censorship of the press annoyed Ibn Saud, who, fearful of losing his absolute power, returned to assume all powers in 1960.Shortly after regaining power he gave new signs of his absolutism, when he forced the Council of Ministers to accept the concession from the Jidda refinery for one of his sons.Faced with the protests that arose in the court, in June 1960 he called a meeting of the royal family, in which he established the spheres of influence of each member of the family.Shortly after, he accepted his brother's resignation.During 1961 he reaffirmed his power by directly assuming control of domestic politics with his traditional heavy hand.His actions led his brother Talal and several members of the royal family, who had attacked the feudal system, to flee the country.

He tried to reconcile with his brother in October 1962, when he appointed him prime minister.and Minister of Foreign Affairs.His illness forced him to spend much of 1963 abroad to receive various medical treatments.His absence caused internal opposition to increase considerably.One of his last appearances as king was his participation in the Cairo Conference, at the beginning of 1964.Faced with his inability to lead the government, his brother Faysal, who was in favor of a greater modernization of the country, supported by great part of the royal family, took advantage of a new stay abroad for health reasons, gave a coup and overthrew him in March 1964.

Ibn Saud was definitively dethroned in November 1964, when Faysal was proclaimed king of Saudi Arabia by a council of ulama and emirs.The dethroned monarch accepted the invitation of one of his oldest enemies, Egyptian President Nasser, and settled in Cairo.Later, he moved to live in the Greek town of Cavouri, which was in the vicinity of Athens.He died in 1969 from a heart attack.With his death, one of the last absolute monarchs of the East disappeared.

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Claudio Williman Biography

Claudio Williman (Montevideo, 1863- id. , 1934) Uruguayan politician.He was a member of the Colorado Party, was Minister of Government (1904) and President of the Republic (1907-1911).During his tenure, markedly conservative, he strengthened the judiciary, created the Ministries of Public Works and Industry, and solved border problems with Brazil and Argentina.He left his senatorial seat to head the National Bank (1915).
Post a Comment
Read more

Adolfo Bioy Casares Biography

Adolfo Bioy Casares (Buenos Aires, 1914-1999) Argentine writer, one of the most prominent authors of universal fantastic literature.Member of a family of Buenos Aires landowners, in 1929 he wrote Prologue , a manuscript that his father revised and had it printed.His early vocation for letters was encouraged by his family, and in 1933 he published the volume of short stories Seventeen shots against the future . Adolfo Bioy Casares Soon he became culturally linked to the cosmopolitan circle of Sur magazine; his friendship with Jorge Luis Borges would be decisive in his literary career.In 1932 he met Borges at the home of Victoria Ocampo, and also his sister Silvina Ocampo, who became his wife in 1940.The close friendship with Borges lasted until his death in 1986 and gave rise to a series of written works.in collaboration and signed with the pseudonyms of B.Suárez Lynch, H.Bustos Domecq, B.Lynch Davis and Gervasio Montenegro: Six problems for Don Isidro Parodi (1942), Two mem...
Post a Comment
Read more

Carl Jonas Love Almquist Biography

Carl Jonas Love Almquist (Stockholm, 1793-Bremen, 1866) Swedish writer.He is one of the first realist novelists in Sweden.Under the title of The book of the wild rose (1832-1851), he brought together numerous essays, novels and dramas, works in which he combined mysticism, eroticism and reformism.Of his poetic work, the collection of poems Sueños (1849) stands out.
Post a Comment
Read more

Adela Zamudio Biography

Adela Zamudio (La Paz, 1854-Cochabamba, 1928) Bolivian poet.As a tribute and recognition of her work in favor of gender equality, Bolivia celebrates Women's Day on the date of her birth (October 11).The constant evocation of her activism, however, has not come to obscure the intrinsic value of her poetic work, which is situated in the transition from romanticism to modernism. Adela Zamudio Between her dedication to teaching and her literary activity, Adela Zamudio developed a significant sociocultural work in favor of the intellectual and social emancipation of women.She directed the first secular school in Bolivia in La Paz, and also founded the first painting school for women (1911) and later for children, in one of the suburbs of the capital.
Post a Comment
Read more

The science of the Maya

We wanted to make an article dedicated exclusively to Science that managed to develop a culture, whose evolution remained independent of any other influence, since the existence of not only this Mayan civilization is unknown, but from all over the continent. The Maya, a civilization capable of thriving and developing surprising skills and knowledge, perhaps this is why they have been considered "the Greeks of pre-Hispanic America." The mathematical contributions , scientists, astronomers and doctors, continues to impress and surprise us, let's start by discovering what was the Science of the Maya. The Science of the Mayas | Fields of Science Of the cultures 4 most important American cultures, Mayans, Aztecs, Incas and Chiboas, Mayan culture was the most extensive in time, in addition to being the most important culture for its advanced knowledge in different sciences, such as art, architecture, crafts, astronomy, etc.It was the only culture capable o...
Post a Comment
Read more

Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Rio Biography

Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río (Guayaquil, 1894-1969) Ecuadorian politician.Lawyer and professor, he served as head of the Liberal Party.He was elected to the presidency in 1940, but abuses in using extraordinary powers for his personal political ends caused widespread discontent that culminated in the revolutionary movement in Guayaquil in 1944, in which Arroyo was overthrown.
Post a Comment
Read more

Abel Janszoon Tasman Biography

Abel Janszoon Tasman (Lutjegast, Groningen, 1603-Batavia, today Jakarta, 1659) Dutch navigator.In his travels through the southern Pacific Ocean, borne by the governor general of the Company of the Dutch Indies, A.van Diemen, he discovered the island of Tasmania and the south island of New Zealand, in 1642, as well as the archipelagos of Fiji and Tonga, in 1643.In 1644 it entered the Gulf of Carpentaria, in Australia.
Post a Comment
Read more

Jose Sanjurjo Biography

José Sanjurjo (José Sanjurjo y Sacanell; Pamplona, ​​1872-Estoril, Portugal, 1936) Spanish military.Orphan of a Carlist colonel, he pursued a military career and received destinations in Cuba (1894-98) and Morocco (1898-1921).He ascended by war merits to the generalship in 1921, the year in which he was appointed military governor of Zaragoza. José Sanjurjo From there he supported the coup d'état of Miguel Primo de Rivera (1923), with whose dictatorship he collaborated closely.As general commander of Melilla, he prepared the landing of Al Hoceima (1925), which ended the Abd-el-Krim insurrection, consolidated the Spanish protectorate in Morocco and provided the dictatorship with one of its greatest successes.His work at the head of the Moroccan army earned him promotions, decorations, a title of nobility (Marquis del Rif, in 1927) and an uncontested prestige among young Africanist officers. When the Second Republic was proclaimed (1931), he accepted the post of director o...
Post a Comment
Read more

Clément Ader Biography

Clément Ader (Muret, 1841-Toulouse, 1925) French aeronautical engineer.Already in his childhood he designed a large kite that could lift adult men off the ground.Ader was inventive, and in his youth he made a velocipede with rubber wheels and a balloon that he built during the Franco-Prussian War and that he gave to the city of Toulouse at the end of the war. In 1876 he left his job at the Administration des Ponts et Chaussées (Ministry of Bridges and Roads), he moved to Paris and devoted himself to communications.In 1880 he collaborated in the installation of the first private telephone line in the city, using components designed by him; one of them was the Théâtrophone , with which you could listen to opera from your own home.All of this brought him great income. Ader observed the flight of numerous species of birds and bats, which he captured and kept in facilities built in his own home.His purpose was to achieve a machine with a lifting force such that it counteracts that o...
Post a Comment
Read more

Josef Willem Mengelberg Biography

Josef Willem Mengelberg (Utrecht, 1871-Zuort, 1951) Dutch conductor.He studied in his hometown with Richard Hol, Henri Wilhelm Petri and Anton Averkamp and later moved to Cologne (Germany), in whose conservatory he studied theory and counterpoint with G.Jensen, piano with I.Seiss and organ with F.W.Franke, in addition to directing and composing with Franz Wüllner. He was musical director of the Lucerne Conservatory in 1892 and years later, in 1895, he obtained the position of director of the Amsterdam Concertgebouw Orchestra, a position he held until 1945.He also continued directing the Museum Concerts group in Frankfurt between 1907 and 1920.From 1899 he annually conducted the Amsterdam Toonkunst Choir in its interpretation of the Passion According to Saint Matthew by JS Bach. He also conducted the American National Symphony Orchestra in New York between 1920 and 1929 and was principal conductor of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra from 1921 until he left it due to differen...
Post a Comment
Read more