Bruno Bettelheim Biography

Bruno Bettelheim

(Vienna, 1903-Los Angeles, 1990) American psychoanalyst of Austrian origin.During the years of his formation he was in contact with the strong Viennese cultural environment, and especially with the first generation of Freud's disciples.Bettelheim, however, would soon depart from the orthodox approaches of psychoanalysis, highlighting the importance of the family educational environment in the psychological balance of the child.

Bruno Bettelheim

After being interned in the Dachau and Buchenwald camps (he was of Jewish origin), Bettelheim managed to go into exile to the United States in 1939, where he was a professor of Educational Psychology, director of the Chicago Orthogenic School (1947-1973) and, since 1963, professor of Psychiatry at the University of Chicago.

His first study, which can be registered, like the rest of his work, within the current of American "ego psychology", is based on his personal experience of internment in concentration camps, " borderline experience "which later led him to be interested in the behavior of autistic children: Individual and Mass Behavior in Extreme Situations , 1943).In 1954 he released Symbolic Wounds ( Symbolic Wounds ), a work in which he performed a particular interpretation of the anthropological and psychoanalytic theories of initiation rites.

A year later he published his achievements in the treatment of autistic children in the volume Fugitives from life ( Truants from Life , 1955); his conceptions were founded both on Freud and on Piaget's evolutionary stages.In the following decade, he would collect his conception of the psychoanalysis of childhood and adolescence in The empty fortress ( The Empry Fortress , 1967), a study that was followed by Children of the Dream ( The Children of the Dream , 1969), a work in which he applies the approaches of the "psychology of the self" to the life of the kibbutz communities in Israel.

Among the works published later are With love not enough (1950), The enchanted world (1976), Psychoanalysis of stories de hadas ( The Uses of Enchantement , 1976), in which he underlines the important role that the story plays in the liberation of the child's emotions, Education and modern life and There are no perfect parents (1987).In 1987 he was prostrated by a stroke and three years later he committed suicide.

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