Skip to main content

Jose Ramos Horta Biography

José Ramos Horta

(Dili, 1940) Timorese politician and patriot.His efforts to reach a peaceful solution for the secessionism of East Timor, a province under Indonesian occupation, earned him the 1996 Nobel Peace Prize, shared with the Reverend Carlos Felipe Belo, Bishop of Dili.

Ramos Horta grew up in a humble family.His mother was from Mauberense (native of Timor), while his father was Portuguese, exiled to the Portuguese colony in the Indian Ocean due to the Salazar dictatorship in the Iberian country.He was educated at the Soibada Catholic School, where he received an intellectual and spiritual formation that made him orient himself towards the priesthood.Later, he went on to study secondary school at the Liceu Dr.Machado de Dili, where he made his first contacts with the Maubean resistance movement.

Between 1968 and 1969 he already participated actively in the incipient nationalism of Timor, carrying out several protests against the Portuguese domination that earned him his first exile, between 1970 and 1971, in Mozambique.There he met the one who became his wife, Anna Pessoa, a Mauberense who worked as a lawyer in the Mozambican capital, Maputo, and with whom he had a son, born in 1977.

Back in Timor Oriental, began working as a journalist for a local media outlet, under the acquiescence of Xanana Gusmao, the main leader of FRETILIN (acronym for the Frente Revolucionária de Timor Leste Independente ).The nationalist movement was gaining presence in the eastern part of Timor until de facto control of most of the territory, which led to the proclamation of independence of the Democratic Republic of East Timor, on November 28, 1975.Ramos Horta was appointed minister Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the short-lived Mauba government.

In December 1975, days before the Indonesian invasion of Timor took place, Ramos Horta left the island for New York, where he was commissioned by the government of Timor to demand from the UN Security Council a quick intervention in the face of the annexationist appeals of Indonesia.The result of his appeal was null, since, despite various warnings from the international community, the Indonesian army invaded East Timor on December 7, 1975, exceeding in particular the FRETILIN headquarters, established in the native town.from Ramos Horta, Soibada; During the first attacks, four of his eleven siblings died.

From 1976 to 1992, Ramos Horta lived in the United States, where, after separating from his wife, he was ordained a priest on July 26, 1980.Between 1987 and 1988 he had to work as an employee of the Mozambican embassy in the United States, since his economic situation was really difficult.Thanks to this, he was able to take classes in International Law at the Academy in The Hague (Holland) and Human Rights Law at the International Institute for Human Rights in Strasbourg (France).Previously, in 1983, he had studied for a doctorate at the Faculty of International Political Sciences of Columbia University (New York), and obtained the degree of Doctor of Peace Studies from the University of Antioquia (Ohio), in 1984.

During his stay in North America he did not stop denouncing before various organizations the atrocities of the Indonesian domination of East Timor, estimated at more than two hundred thousand deaths only in the first five years of the war.Starting in 1976, Ramos Horta was the representative of the newborn CNMR (Concilio Nacional de Resistencia Maubere) in all international forums.His experience as a diplomat was captured in the book Funu: the unfinished saga of East Timor (1987).

In 1992, with the imprisonment of Xanana Gusmao, Ramos Horta was left as the only voice denouncing the Indonesian violence in East Timor.Thus, in that year, he presented a peace plan for East Timor before the European Parliament, in which the three basic points of the same were explicitly indicated: after accepting the right of the Mauberenses to freely choose their government, the first step remained established in the resolution of the armed conflict between the Indonesian army and the CNRM resistance; in secondly, the amnesty for all political and military prisoners, the withdrawal of the invading troops from East Timor and their replacement by Blue Helmets from the UN; thirdly, the establishment of a referendum supervised by international observers in which Mauberenses could choose between three options: independence, integration in Indonesia or becoming a state associated with Portugal.

The support of the Community European to Ramos Horta's plan was decisive for the UN to pressure the President of Indonesia, Suharto, to cooperate with him.The first meeting between Indonesian and Maubean politicians took place in Austria, in October 1994, when the Indonesian delegation, led by its Minister of Foreign Affairs, Alí ​​Alatas, began a dialogue with Ramos Horta, leader of the CNRM.Despite this, a basic agreement was not reached until 1996, the same year that Ramos Horta received the Nobel Peace Prize, shared with the humanitarian work that Bishop Carlos Belo carries out in the diocese of Dili.

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Gustavo Adolfo Becquer Biography

Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer (Gustavo Adolfo Domínguez Bastida; Seville, 1836-Madrid, 1870) Spanish poet.Along with Rosalía de Castro, he is the highest representative of post-romantic poetry, a trend that had as distinctive features the intimate theme and an apparent expressive simplicity, far from the vehemence rhetoric of romanticism. Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer (detail of a portrait made by his brother Valeriano, c.1862) Bécquer's work exerted a strong He influenced later figures such as Rubén Darío, Antonio Machado, Juan Ramón Jiménez and the poets of the generation of '27, and critics judge him to be the initiator of contemporary Spanish poetry.But more than a great name in literary history, Bécquer is above all a living poet, popular in every sense of the word, whose verses, with a moving voice and winged beauty, have enjoyed and continue to enjoy the predilection of millions of readers.. Biography Son and brother of painters, he was orphaned at the age of ten and live...
Post a Comment
Read more

Gerardo Rueda Biography

Gerardo Rueda (Madrid, 1926- id. , 1996) Spanish painter and one of the most prominent members of abstract art in our country.For his pictorial constructions he used a wide range of materials (cardboard, wood, cloth, etc.), with which he sought to create a game of radical contrasts of textures; As for color, he sometimes adopted monochrome ( Azul , 1972).He participated in the Hispano-American Biennial of Havana (1953) and in the Venice Biennial (1960).In 1963 he founded with F.Zóbel the Museum of Abstract Art of Cuenca.His works include Blanco, Rojo y Negro (1975), Alea (1978) and the stained glass windows of Cuenca Cathedral (1991).In 1989 he donated part of his graphic work to the National Library.
Post a Comment
Read more

Jan Hus Biography

Jan Hus (Also called John or John Huss; Husinec, Bohemia, 1369-Constance, 1415) Promoter of the Czech ecclesiastical reform.He was born into a poor peasant family in southwestern Bohemia.However, he managed to study Theology and Arts at the University of Prague and ordained himself a priest (1400).In 1402 he was appointed rector of the University, supported by the Czech particularist sentiment against Germanic domination. Jan Hus Under the influence of the English heretic John Wycliffe, Hus began in 1405 to preach against the excessive wealth of the Church and the immorality of the clergy, demanding a return to the purity of the evangelical message, preaching in the Czech language that the people could understand, and communion under both species.Its influence was increased by the crisis in which the Church of Rome was plunged by the "Schism of the West", as well as by the Czech nationalist reaction against the German minority (started with the struggle for control of ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Joseph H. Maclagan Wedderburn Biography

Joseph H.Maclagan Wedderburn (Forfar, 1882-Princeton, 1948) British mathematician.Professor at Princeton University, he was editor of the Proceedings of the Edinburgh mathematical society (1905-1909) and the Annals of mathematics (1912-1928).He stated a theorem ( Wedderburn's theorem ) according to which every finite field is commutative.
Post a Comment
Read more

Jose Risueño Biography

José Risueño (Granada, 1665- id ., 1732) Spanish sculptor and painter.Follower of A.Cano, P.de Mena and D.de Mora, he worked in Granada, where he made the figures of the chapel of the Sacrament of the Carthusian monastery, the San Juan de Dios of the church of San Matías and the Crucified Christ of Sacromonte.It is famous for its polychrome baked clay figurines ( Penitent Magdalene ).
Post a Comment
Read more

Gaspar Gil Polo Biography

Gaspar Gil Polo (Valencia, c .1530-Barcelona, ​​1584) Spanish writer.There is very little news of his life.Part of his fame as a poet is that Cervantes dedicated a royal octave to him in La Galatea (1583) and Juan de Timoneda quotes him in his Sarao de amor (1561).His fundamental work is the Diana in love (1564), continuation of the Diana by Jorge de Montemayor. Illustration of Diana in love , of Gaspar Gil Polo Born into a family of municipal officials in Valencia, Gaspar Gil Polo became a lawyer and held various administrative positions in the city.Felipe II appointed him commissioner in the principality of Catalonia, so in 1580 he moved to Barcelona.He must have been known as a poet among his contemporaries, since Juan de Timoneda quotes him in a romance of 1561, but at present only some of his loose poems are preserved. In 1564 he published in Valencia the five books of Diana in love , a pastoral novel that constitutes a continuation of Jorge de Montemayor's...
Post a Comment
Read more

Fortunato Lacamera Biography

Fortunato Lacamera (Buenos Aires, 1887- id ., 1951) Argentine painter.Belonging to the group of painters from the La Boca neighborhood, he also contributed to the founding of the group for the promotion of art Impulso, of which he was president.His works show the streets, interiors and motifs of the waterfront.
Post a Comment
Read more

Gustav Kirchhoff Biography

Gustav Kirchhoff (Königsberg, Prussia, 1824-Berlin, 1887) German physicist.A close collaborator of chemist Robert Bunsen, he applied spectrographic analysis methods (based on the analysis of radiation emitted by an energetically excited body) to determine the composition of the Sun. Gustav Kirchhoff In 1845 he enunciated the so-called Kirchhoff laws, applicable to the calculation of voltages, intensities and resistances in the yes of an electrical mesh; understood as an extension of the law of conservation of energy, they were based on the theory of physicist Georg Simon Ohm, according to which the voltage that causes the passage of an electric current is proportional to the intensity of the current. In 1847 he served as a Privatdozent (non-salaried professor) at the University of Berlin, and after three years he accepted the post of professor of physics at the University of Breslau.In 1854 he was appointed professor at the University of Heidelberg, where he befriended Rober...
Post a Comment
Read more

Josiah wedgwood Biography

Josiah Wedgwood (Burslem, Staffordshire, 1730- id ., 1795) British potter and industrialist.Descendant of a family of potters, he established his own workshop to dedicate himself to the manufacture of glazed pottery with salt and fine earthenware.In 1762 he founded the Etruria factory, with T.Bentley, dedicated to the manufacture of neoclassical ornamental items, as well as portraits of contemporary characters in round and oval medallions.Numerous sculptors worked in this manufacture, including John Flaxman.
Post a Comment
Read more

Cneo Nevio Biography

Cneo Nevio (Cneo or Gneo Nevio; Campania, c .270-Útica, c .201 a.J.C.) Latin poet.The initiator of Latin poetry, he is the author of an epic about the First Punic War ( Bellum poenicum ), in which the legends of the founding of Rome are evoked for the first time.He composed tragedies with a Greek theme and created the tragedy with a Roman theme ( Raising Romulus and Remus , Clastidus ), antecedent to the Plautus theater. From perhaps from a plebeian family, Cneo Nevio fought in the First Punic War and in 235, five years after the first dramatic representation of Livio Andrónico, began his career as a comic and tragic author.Later he would become the creator of the Roman drama with a national theme ("Fable praetexta").By his free and aggressive language, he attracted the hostility of the powerful, and ended up in jail for having attacked Quintus Cecilio Metellus, the consul of 206.Released, he was exiled to Utica, in Africa, where he died. Nevio Of all Nevio'...
Post a Comment
Read more