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Innocent VIII Biography

Innocent VIII

(Giovanni Battista Cybo; Genoa, 1432-Rome, 1492) Pope (1484-1492).Apparently, he was elected in 1484 thanks to the intrigues of Vice Chancellor Borgia, who would later succeed him under the name of Alexander VI.He was a kind man, but weak of character, undoubtedly due to his frequent and serious illnesses, which did not make him exactly suitable to act as a mediator between the cities of Italy, full of misgivings between them.

Innocent VIII

He confronted Ferrante, King of Naples, when he refused to pay the feudal census, and this hostility was accentuated by the cruelties that Ferrante exercised against the subjects of the Pope.When the king sought the support of Hungary, Milan and the Medicis, Innocent, who had only been able to obtain the support of Genoa, was also forced to seek help from the French monarch, with which Ferrante agreed to sign a peace which he did not respect.

Thanks to the intervention of Lorenzo de Medici, who acted as mediator between the pope and the king of Naples, Ferrante was not excommunicated; but he managed to exasperate the pope so much with his continuous aggressions that Innocent VIII finally assembled a secret Council, in which he declared that Ferrante was deprived of his crown and that Naples was returning to the States of the Church.With this measure the war seemed inevitable, but Innocent VIII, affected by continuous attacks, did not find someone to support him economically within Italy.The support of the French monarch Charles VIII made Ferrante, frightened, rush to make peace.

Of all the dire consequences that the disputes with Naples produced, the most pernicious was to hinder the war against the Turk, although after his elevation, Innocent VIII made the European States see the gravity of the Turkish danger, sending legacies to Ferdinand of Aragon, Germany and France.He accepted 120,000 gold shields from Bayezid to retain in his power Zizim, the brother of that sultan, who, fleeing from his brother's anger, had taken refuge in Rhodes, and who was handed over to the pope by Aubusson, grand master of knights..A short time later, the Catholic Monarchs forever shattered the forces of Islam in the West.

Although Innocent VIII is known to have protected the arts, most of the works from this time have been lost.He also diligently watched over the purity of faith, which shows his behavior with the famous philosopher Pico de la Mirandola.When he appeared in the Eternal City to present his theories, the pope appointed a commission of theologians, bishops and jurists who examined his theses and decided that they were heretical and pagan, for which Innocent VIII decided to prohibit public dispute.

In Spain he authorized the meeting to the crown of the three military orders of Calatrava, Santiago and Alcántara, and restored the kings of Spain to the title of Catholics, which Honorius I had previously given them and which was lost with the entrance of the Moors.

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