Johann Kaspar Ferdinand Fischer Biography

Johann Kaspar Ferdinand Fischer

(?, c .1665-Rastatt, 1746) German composer.A virtuoso of the harpsichord, his music for this instrument had a decisive influence on J.S.Bach.Its suites and its Music of Ariadna, a new organ book with twenty preludes, fugues and five ricercare (1702).

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Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam Biography

Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam (Jean-Marie Mathias Philippe Auguste, Count of Villiers de l'Isle-Adam; Saint-Brieuc, 1838-Paris, 1889) French writer.Author of stories considered masterpieces of the genre, which present a novel synthesis of philosophical tale, horror story, science fiction and esotericism, his first works ( Two poetry essays, 1858; First poems, 1859) do not allow us to deduce what was his later production, once he had met Charles Baudelaire (1859) and Stéphane Mallarmé (1864), and discovered Hegel's philosophy.In 1866 he collaborated in the Parnasse Contemporain .In 1867 he founded the Revue des Lettres et des Arts and wrote The Intersign , his first "cruel tale." In 1870 he sided with the commune; In 1883, the publication of his Cruel Tales earned him some notoriety, but his living conditions remained precarious until his death.His other works include the novels Isis (1862) and The Future Eva (1886), the short novel Claire Lenoi...

Alexandr Izvolski Biography

Alexandr Izvolski (Moscow, 1856-Paris, 1919) Russian politician and diplomat, main architect of the alliance between Russia and England in the years before the First World War. Alexandr Izvolski Educated at the Imperial Lyceum in Saint Petersburg, he soon held important diplomatic posts: he was Russian ambassador to the Vatican, Yugoslavia, Germany, Japan and Denmark.Between 1906 and 1910 he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs; after that he was appointed ambassador to France. In 1907, Izvolski signed a pact that strengthened the alliance between France and England against Germany.Thanks to this pact, the British and the Russians divided Persia, which was divided into three zones of influence: a British, a Russian and a neutral zone between the two (Afghanistan was under the protection of Great Britain).This pact, together with the Franco-Russian alliance of 1890 and the Anglo-French agreement of 1904, formed the embryo of what would later become the Triple Entente. In Oct...

Charles II, the Bewitched

Carlos II was laultima, the most degenerate, and the most patent victim of the inbreeding of the Austrias.These words, by the British historian John Lynch, may seem excessive and somewhat loaded in the adjectives.But if we take a look at the history doctor who for thirty-five years was King Carlos II of Spain maybe we change our mind. Index of the article Carlos II, the Bewitched Carlos II was a soul quite unfortunate .Born at the end of a long line of inbreeding, he suffered health problems throughout his life, although short.Badly disfigured, he was considered unable to govern and, during his lifetime, most of the power was in the hands of his mother, Mariana of Austria.He was the last of the Spanish rulers of the Habsburgs and with his time on the throne, Spain fell into decline as an empire.Some of the wild rumors about his health were true, others pure sensation.However, his tragic life was also full of intrigue, and his death plunged much of Europe into a major war. ...

Andrei Biely Biography

Andrei Biely (Borís Nikolaievich Bugaiev or Bugaev, better known by his pseudonym Andrei Bely, Biely or Belyj; Moscow, 1880-1934) Russian novelist, poet and critic.The son of a Moscow professor of mathematics, after having completed his secondary studies at an illustrious institute (and already more fond of poetry than mathematics or philosophy), he obtained a degree in science and philosophy at the University of Moscow. Andrei Biely He joined the Symbolists at age twenty; he wrote poems and novels that caused commotion between 1903 and 1917.In works of poetic prose ( Symphonies , 1904-1908) he showed his enthusiasm for the advent of a new mystical era.At the same time he published his first book of verses, Gold on blue (1904), aesthetically influenced by modernist symbolism and ideologically by the thought of Nietzsche. He was faithful and militant within of many trends.Disciple of Soloviev and friend of Blok, he began as a mystic; later he was a firm populist and sympathi...

Alexander Scriabin Biography

Alexander Scriabin (Alexandr or Aleksandr Nikoláievich Skriabin; Moscow, 1872-1915) Russian composer and pianist.Aleksandr Skriabin was the only child of the couple formed by a pianist and a lawyer.Due to the death of his mother when he was one year old and the trips his father made, he was raised by his uncle Lyubov and his grandmother.He began studying piano at the age of eleven with Georgy Konyus and later with Zverev at the Moscow Conservatory.He also acquired knowledge of music theory with Taneyev and other musical disciplines with Antón Arensky and Vasili Safonov. Alexander Scriabin From 1885 he began to compose music and write poetry and in 1892 he finished his studies at the conservatory.Very soon he showed his skills as a performer and immediately became part of the great batch of Russian pianists of the time, including Lhevinne and Zverev's fellow student, Rachmaninov.In his solo recitals, Alexander Scriabin performed his own works and compositions by Bach, Mendels...

Gregory IX Biography

Gregory IX (Ugolino de Segni; Anagni, c .1170-Rome, 1241) Pope of the Catholic Church (1227-1241).Nephew of Pope Innocent III, he studied in Paris and Bologna and in 1206 he was appointed Cardinal Bishop of Ostia by his uncle.A man of notable legal scholarship, he defended with great energy the claims of power of the papacy and the freedom of the church, for which reason he came into conflict with Emperor Frederick II Hohenstaufen. Pope Gregory IX approves the Decretals (fresco by Rafael Sanzio) Already in 1227 he excommunicated Frederick II for failing to fulfill his promise to undertake a new crusade, and in 1229 ordered the invasion of the kingdom of Sicily.In 1230 he made peace with the emperor, although the struggle between the Church and the emperor continued.In 1239 he again excommunicated Federico II and decreed a crusade against him; the imperial troops were about to enter Rome when he passed away. During his pontificate, Gregory IX founded the Inquisition and, with ...

The history of Isabel la Catolica

How much do you know about the true story of Queen Elizabeth the Catholic? In today's article we will talk about one of the most important women in the history of Spain, about her life and what she meant for the kingdom. In the article by Isabel la Catolica We will talk about: Childhood of Isabel Enrique IV Fernando , king of Sicily and Prince of Girona Isabel, queen of Castile Death of the queen Childhood of Isabel Isabel I de Castilla also known as Isabel la Catolica, was born in Madrigal de las Altas Torres (Castilla) on April 22, 1451 and died in Medina del Campo on November 26, 1504.He belonged to the Casa Real of Trastamara , his parents were Juan II of Castile and Isabel of Portugal. Anteri Ormente, Juan II had been married to Maria de Aragon and they had a son, who would be Enrique IV .Then Isabel was born and two years later, her brother Alfonso was born from marriage to Isabel de Portugal. Enrique IV was crowned, when she was only thr...

Joyce Carol Oates Biography

Joyce Carol Oates American narrator, born in Lockport (New York) in 1938.Famous for the generous doses of violence that she has thrown into her stories and novels, she is considered one of the most outstanding followers of the narrative trend inaugurated by William Faulkner. After beginning her higher studies in English Language and Literature at the University of Syracuse, she ended up completing them at the University of Wisconsin, from where she graduated with a degree.Later, she obtained a doctorate in this matter from Rice University, while combining this specialization with her dedication to the cultivation of fiction literature. Joyce Carol Oates One of her first stories was selected, with an honorable mention, to be part of an anthology of the best stories written by North American authors, which definitively oriented Joyce Carol Oates towards the genre of fictional prose. In 1963 he gave the press his first collection of stories, published under the title of Along ...

Antoine pinay Biography

Antoine Pinay (Saint-Symphorien-sur-Coise, 1891-Saint-Chamond, 1994) French politician.After serving in the First World War, he developed his professional activity in the leather industry.Mayor of Saint-Chamond (1929-1977), deputy in the National Assembly (1936-1938 and 1946-1958) and senator for the Loire (1938-1940), he was one of the leaders of the National Center for Independents (CNI, expanded in 1951 to the National Center for Independents and Peasants), a small formation founded in July 1948 that held some positions of responsibility in the Fourth Republic. Between 1948 and 1949 he served as Secretary of State for Economic Affairs in the first government of Henri Queuille and in 1949 he was elected President of the General Council of the Loire, a responsibility he would exercise for thirty years.He was Minister of Public Works from July 12, 1950 to January 7, 1952 and acceded to the Presidency of the Council of Ministers on March 8, 1952, a position from which he resigned o...

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