Jose Leon Sandoval Biography

José León Sandoval

(1789-1854) Nicaraguan politician.Head of State (1845-1847), his mandate was characterized by social unrest due to his bad administrative and economic policy.

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Jordi Llopart Biography

Jordi Llopart (Prat de Llobregat, 1952) Spanish athlete, the first of the great Spanish walkers who achieved projection in international athletics.It was formed under the direction of his father, coach Moisés Llopart, who was the world's most refined marcher in his time. Jordi Llopart He got the first gold medal in an absolute European Championship in the 50 km march from Prague (1978), and also the first medal in Spanish athletics in an Olympic Games: the silver in the 50 kilometers marches in the Moscow Games (1980).His sports career was much longer, but a chronic kidney disease prevented him from achieving greater achievements.Seventh at the Los Angeles Games (1984) and twelfth at the Seoul Games (1988), always in 50 kilometers, he retired in 1990 and dedicated himself to the preparation of other walkers.His pupil Daniel Plaza was champion of the 20 kilometers at the Barcelona Olympic Games (1992).

Georg simmel Biography

Georg Simmel (Berlin, 1858-Strasbourg, France, 1918) German philosopher and sociologist.A representative of relativistic neo-Kantianism, he taught philosophy at the universities of Berlin (1885-1914) and Strasbourg (1914-1918).He wanted to resolve the contradictions to which the formalism of the Kantian "a priori" led and also made an effort to deduce moral types ( Introduction to the science of morality , 1892) and classify the feelings and ideas that they determine the historical reconstruction ( Problems of the philosophy of history , 1892).On the other hand, he contributed decisively to the consolidation of sociology as a science in Germany ( Sociology , 1908) and outlined the main lines of a sociological methodology, isolating the general and recurrent forms of social interaction at scale political, economic and aesthetic.He paid special attention to the problem of authority and obedience in his Philosophy of money (1900) and diagnosed the specialization and depe...

Space, change and permanence ... elements to understand history

In some of our latest articles we have analyzed different aspects of knowledge construction historical .In the latter post we have to reflect on the historical categories of " space ", " change " and " permanence " and its importance to sharpen our understanding of the history . Old Map of Colonia del Sacramento , disputed by Portuguese and Spanish for its strategic location in the Rio de la Plata As we know the History studies human societies in the past .Y of course, these societies lived in a territory ( space ) in particular, so whenever we start studying a society of the past we must place it in space and time. The space is a very important aspect e to study the History. Each territory has its own characteristics that can be decisive for understanding many aspects of a society .For example: what economic production does it do, trade routes, the distribution of the population, the strategies in wars, etc.In addition, soc...

Francesc Cambó Biography

Francesc Cambó (Francesc Cambó i Batlle, also called Francisco Cambó; Verges, Gerona, 1876-Buenos Aires, 1947) Spanish politician.Militant since his youth of Catalan nationalism, he adhered to its more conservative tendency.In 1901 he participated in the founding of the Regionalist League of Catalonia, starting his political career as a councilor for the Barcelona City Council.He promoted the Catalan Solidarity coalition, with which he reached the Congress of Deputies in 1907. Francesc Cambó With his election, the idea that the Catalanists should be present in the central institutions of the State (from which he assumed the defense of Catalan industrial interests), but from now on he would move in the tension between two irreconcilable objectives: to obtain a decisive power in the Spanish political system and to increase the levels of self-government of Catalonia. Politically, Francesc Cambó defended the need to reform the Restoration system by eliminating caciquismo and elect...

Franz kafka Biography

Franz Kafka (Prague, 1883-Kierling, Austria, 1924) Czech writer in the German language whose work marks the beginning of the profound renewal that the European novel would undergo in the first decades of the 20th century.Franz Kafka definitely left nineteenth-century realism behind by turning his narratives into parables of disturbing and inexhaustible symbolic richness: starring antiheroes lost in an incomprehensible world, his novels reflect an apparently recognizable and everyday reality, but subjected to disturbing mutations that immerse the reader in an oppressive and suffocating nightmare, the embodiment of the anguishes and uncertainties that plague contemporary man. Franz Kafka Biography Born into a family of Jewish merchants, Franz Kafka was trained in a German cultural environment.His father, Hermann Kafka, had obtained a comfortable position with an advantageous marriage and was able to afford a good education for the first-born in one of the German schools in Pragu...

Bruno Maderna Biography

Bruno Maderna (Venice, 1920-Darmstadt, 1973) Italian conductor and composer.He was a student of G.F.Malipiero and H.Scherchen.He developed an intense activity as a director, both of old music (new editions and transcriptions of Monteverdi or Rameau) and contemporary (premieres of L.Nono, L.de Pablo, G.Amy or S.Bussotti).He taught at the conservatories of Venice, Milan, and Rotterdam, at the Darmstadt summer courses, at the Mozarteum in Salzburg, and at the Juilliard School in New York.In 1955 he founded, with L.Berio, the RAI Phonology Study in Milan.Its production, influenced by the post-Webernian school, played a fundamental role in the development of the Italian musical avant-garde.Some of his most representative works are the electronic work Nocturno (1955), the radio opera Don Perlimplín (1962), the theatrical action Hiperión ( 1964), the Quadrivium for orchestra and the radio drama Portrait of Erasmus (1970).

Gustáv Husák Biography

Gustáv Husák (Dubravka, 1913-Bratislava, 1991) Czechoslovak politician who was general secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, the KSC (1968-1988) and president of the Czechoslovak Republic (1975-1989).Educated in Bratislava, he received a law degree from the Comenius University in Bratislava in 1937, when he began practicing as a lawyer.In 1932, while doing his degree, he joined the Czech Communist Party. In 1942, in the middle of World War II, Húsak became the leader of those communists who remained in the country after the Nazi invasion, and he was working full time for the party in hiding.A key figure in the anti-Nazi Slovak insurrection of 1944, he quickly rose within the party, which earned him, after the end of the war, being appointed president of the Council of Commissars (Slovak provincial government), between the years 1946 to 1951, and Minister of Agriculture, from 1948 to 1949.He was also a member of the Presidium of the KSC.During all this time, Húsak mad...

ll Zamenhof

ll Zamenhof or Lazaro Zamenhof was an ophthalmologist, but above all he is known for being the creator of the international language Esperanto .Next, we will talk about Esperanto and its creator, ll Zamenhof. He was born in the city then called Belostok, of the Russian Empire, today in Poland.ll Zamenhof went to the Białystok school between 1869 and 1873, and from December 1873 until July 1879 to the "German Institute" in Warsaw.After two years of study at the Faculty of Medicine of Moscow and four at the Warsaw, he received his medical degree in the specialty of ophthalmology, which he finished studying in Vienna (1886). According to his testimony, already in his childhood in the city of Białystok (which at that time was part of the Russian Empire, but currently belongs to Poland, and where there were important communities of Poles, Jews, Russians, emans and Lithuanians), he had observed how differences between peoples because of the diversity of languages and re...

Camille Flammarion Biography

Camille Flammarion (Montigny-le-Roi, 1842-Juvisy-sur-Orge, 1925) French astronomer.Author of various works, from 1883 he directed the Juvisy Observatory, founded by himself, from which he carried out numerous investigations on astronomy, meteorology and climatology.He founded the monthly magazine L'Astronomie in 1882 and the Astronomical Society of France, of which he was president until his death.Flammarion's recognition is due to the fact that he was the first serious popularizer of astronomy (and one of the most translated authors), a science that he made available to fans. Camille Flammarion Destined for an ecclesiastical career, Camille Flammarion studied theology at the seminary in the city of Langres, an activity that he had to abandon for some time due to various economic setbacks in his family, after which he entered as an apprentice in an engraving workshop.After resuming his studies, Flammarion left them entirely to pursue his great passion, astronomy, which...

Gustav Kirchhoff Biography

Gustav Kirchhoff (Königsberg, Prussia, 1824-Berlin, 1887) German physicist.A close collaborator of chemist Robert Bunsen, he applied spectrographic analysis methods (based on the analysis of radiation emitted by an energetically excited body) to determine the composition of the Sun. Gustav Kirchhoff In 1845 he enunciated the so-called Kirchhoff laws, applicable to the calculation of voltages, intensities and resistances in the yes of an electrical mesh; understood as an extension of the law of conservation of energy, they were based on the theory of physicist Georg Simon Ohm, according to which the voltage that causes the passage of an electric current is proportional to the intensity of the current. In 1847 he served as a Privatdozent (non-salaried professor) at the University of Berlin, and after three years he accepted the post of professor of physics at the University of Breslau.In 1854 he was appointed professor at the University of Heidelberg, where he befriended Rober...

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