Skip to main content

The Sumerians: Study Guides for Ancient History

We bring the basic information to study the Sumeria in a summarized and agile way.Location, time period, political organization, economy, territorial expansion and other data that will serve you when knowing this civilization of Antiquity .In the following articles we will continue with more study guides on other villages of the History Antigua .We start with the Sumer States Cities .

Geographical Zone

The Sumerian cities were located in the Lower Mesopotamia , among the rios Tigris and Euphrates , in an area of ​​flood land.

Period of Time

They were installed from about 4000 BC approximately and remained autonomous until about 2350 BC, when the Empire Ac goodbye , which dominated all the area.

Type of political organization

The Sumerian people did not form an integrated state of great territory, but rather It was developed in various State-City .The state cities comprised the space of a city and the surrounding countryside.They were managed and governed autonomously with respect to neighboring state cities.

The Sumerians: Study Guides for Ancient History

Rulers

The rulers of the Sumerian State Cities were in principle the great priests (called Patesi ).They also dedicated themselves to the worship of the gods-to organize the public works, the agricultural tasks and the tributes of the peasants, the craft workshops, etc.Later, when conflicts with other city states appeared, the military chiefs int they became transient in the government .Finally they remained in power and became princes with hereditary monarchy .

Economic Activities.

The main economic activity was the agriculture of irrigation, with cereals and dates among its main products.There was also an important artisanal activity, which reached very high artistic levels.The trade by bartering with other areas of the Near East .

Reason for decline

After a long period where you are city states they coexisted quite independently of each other, one of them, Kish imposed himself on the rest and conquered them.This way the first empire of the region was established: the Acadian empire .

We suggest you go deeper through these highlights about the Sumerians

Astronomy ia

The Sumerians were great scholars of the sky, despite (logically) the precarious tools of the time.To a large extent, they used the observation of the sky to measure time.They also knew perfectly the displacement of the Moon or Jupiter.

The Sumerians: Study Guides for Ancient History

However, there are those it goes further.There are engravings in which you can see in the background celestial bodies that would correspond to the nine planets of the solar system, with a large star in the middle (which would be the sun).This would mean that the Sumerians already had proof of what the solar system was, and even the size of the planets (the largest in reality are represented as the largest in the engravings.But how could this be possible? To answer this question there are several theories, one of them we show you in the video at the end of the article.

The development of writing

For another of the things that the people Sumerian has gone down in history because of the invention of writing.Or at least, it is the oldest town in which there is evidence that they used writing.It was called the cuneiform writing.The symbols were "carved" into tablets.of hot mud and when dry they were hard and with the engraving.The appearance of writing was a great advance for civilization.The sources and records began to exist However, trade and communication were favored.Although, yes, only a few were initially able to "write".

The ziggurats

The Sumerians: Study Guides for Ancient History

They were the sacred temples of the Sumerians, where they worshiped their gods.They were a kind of pyramids made based of clay cooked and dried in the sun.One of the most important ziggurats that are preserved is that of the City of Ur.

Video about the Sumerians

Surely some of you already know that The Sumerian civilization is also wrapped in a certain mythical halo, as it could not be otherwise in a civilization so old and at the same time so advanced.The mystery surrounding the Sumerians has to do with the Anunnaki race, which will surely sound like all those lovers of conspiracy and "unlikely" events.

These "historians" claim that the Sumerians inc Portuguese could be a kind of extraterrestrial race or deities who were summoned by the summaries and the Akkadians.The fact is that there are those who claim that they are not beings that come from the mythology of the Sumerian people, but that they were really visitors of other planets./p>

In the following video you can see more information on the subject.Eye, it is not a video of any credul talking about the subject, but a documentary of the History Channel:

Links of interest

In History Today Online we have many other articles related to ancient civilizations that you will love if you are a lover of ancient history:

And if you liked the article, no Feel free to share it with your friends and contacts on Facebook, Twitter and Google +.

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Emile Ollivier Biography

Émile Ollivier (Marseille, 1825-Saint-Gervais-les-Bains, 1913) French politician and lawyer.From a family of republican ideas (his father protected the independentista Giuseppe Mazzini when he had to flee from Italy), he studied at the Colegio de Santa Bárbara. Very young, he was commissioner of the Republic in Boches-du-Rhône et le Var during the revolution of February 1848; a few months later, in June, he was appointed prefect of Chaumont. When his father was arrested after Louis Napoleon Bonaparte's coup in December 1851, he decided to dedicate himself to law, acquiring a certain fame.In 1857 he was elected Republican deputy in the Legislative Assembly, where, within the moderate "Group of Five" (with Darimon, Favre, Hénon and Picard) he promoted several reforms.Napoleon III's acceptance of some of these reforms led Ollivier closer to the emperor, convinced of his true desire to favor the most vulnerable classes. Thus, in 1863 he became head of a political...
Post a Comment
Read more

Francis Joseph Spellmann Biography

Francis Joseph Spellmann (Whitman, 1889-New York, 1967) American Catholic prelate.A member of a modest family of Irish origin, he studied at Fordham University and the North American College in Rome, where he was ordained a priest on May 14, 1916, the same year that he received a doctorate in theology.After exercising his apostolate in the parish of All Saints in Roxbury (Massachusetts), he went to Boston; There he was director of the magazine Pilot and archivist of the archdiocese in 1923. In 1925 he was called to the Vatican Secretariat of State, where he dealt, among other things, with the translation of the encyclicals that were they broadcast through the Radio.There he remained for some years, during which time he gained the trust of Pope Pius XI and the friendship of Cardinal Pacelli, future Pius XII. On September 8, 1932, he was consecrated a bishop in St.Peter's Basilica, and then returned to the United States to serve as auxiliary bishop of Boston.On April 15, 1939,...
Post a Comment
Read more

The Black Prince, a knight of legend, part I

Perhaps there is no more attractive and romantic time than the Middle Ages ; that of the knights, that of the heroes with armor, that of the great battles, that of courtesy and honor, and perhaps that is an image that we have reached because of what they have sold us in so many movies on the subject.Because...who has not heard of the Black Knight or Black Prince ? Who does not remember those films in which a fair knight appeared on his steed with his black armor brandishing his coat of arms and his spear or sword? Those fair and medieval tournaments, those battles, that respect that was won among their rivals... But much less that time was so honorable, not so pleasant, nor so romantic, because although it is true that the Black Prince showed his courtesy and magnanimity in many places, in many others he showed that above all, there was the interest of the kingdom he defended. Who was he? Black Prince? Eduardo de Woodstock belonged to the Plantagenet dynasty and was th...
Post a Comment
Read more

José del Campillo and Cossío Biography

José del Campillo y Cossío (Alles, Asturias, 1693-Madrid, 1743) Spanish politician.In 1733, he was appointed mayor of the army commanded by the Duke of Montemar in Italy and, in 1741, Secretary of State, Finance and other positions.Between the years 1741 and 1743, he directed Spanish policy with mercantilist criteria, reflected in notable improvements in the management of the Treasury and in a certain liberalization regarding trade with America.He wrote multiple reports on economic policy, including: Treaty of interests in Europe (1741) and What is more and less in Spain so that it is what it should be and not what which is (1742).
Post a Comment
Read more

François Joseph Fétis Biography

François Joseph Fétis (Mons, 1784-Brussels, 1871) Belgian composer, conductor and musicologist.He is the author of pieces for piano, comic operas and religious works and chamber music.He wrote a Universal Biography of Musicians and General Bibliography of Music (1837-1844) and an unfinished General History of Music (1869-1876). François-Joseph Fétis His father, an organist, led him to musical studies, which he carried out at the Paris Conservatoire.He stayed for some years in Douai as organist and teacher of song and harmony at the local Music School, and in 1818 he returned to the capital; There he developed his multiple activities as composer, teacher, scholar and critic for some fifteen years.From 1821 he taught counterpoint and fugue at the Conservatory. François-Joseph Fétis was in charge of the music criticism of Le Temps and Le National , and in 1826 he founded the Revue musicale , to whose writing he dedicated himself for five years, during which time he notabl...
Post a Comment
Read more

The beginning of the workers struggle

The context of the Second Industrial Revolution. Between the middle and last quarter of the 19th century, the division between the Western Europe industrialized and the Eastern Europe and southern, whose economy continued to be based on agriculture for some time, after the repression of 1848 and the economic expansion that ensued, decreased the social conflict . The Working Class In the following decade, however, the activity of the labor movement was increased.The composition of the working class was diversified due to the increase in types of employment, especially in cities, where trades multiplied and coexisted with ancient artisanal activities. However, the living conditions for most of the workers remained harsh: along with the work possibilities they increased the lack of hygiene and overcrowding, and more women and children joined the work. The first unions The workers They soon developed an organization of their own, with the aim of joining ef...
Post a Comment
Read more

Javier Fesser Biography

Javier Fesser (Javier Fesser Pérez de Petinto; Madrid, 1964) Spanish filmmaker.After filming two remarkable comedies, he gained notoriety with the drama Camino (2008), a controversial film for its vision of religious fanaticism that won six Goya Awards in 2009. Born in the Womb From a family with artistic concerns, Javier Fesser enrolled in naval engineering; Then he changed his studies for communication sciences at the Complutense University of Madrid, although he would not get a degree either.In 1986 he created Línea Films, a company dedicated to making advertising spots, from which he developed campaigns for brands such as Telefónica or BMW.In 1992 he founded, with Luis Manso, the Pendelton Film production company, with the idea of ​​alternating advertising production with film production. Javier Fesser A at the same time that the television campaigns followed, Fesser began his journey in the cinema with the direction of short films.His debut could not have been more enco...
Post a Comment
Read more

Joseph Brodsky Biography

Joseph Brodsky (Joseph or Iosif Alexándrovich Brodsky; Leningrad, 1940-New York, 1996) Russian poet and essayist.He is considered the greatest poet born in Soviet times and, perhaps with the sole exception of B.Pasternak and A.Akhmatova, the most important in the Russian language of the second half of the 20th century. Brodsky's legendary scholarship, the self-learning to which he submitted throughout his life and his inspired dialogues with the "poetic shadows" of his own culture and of the universal, are linked to an overflowing energy, a lavish prosodic and strophic inventiveness, as well as his excellence of style and generosity of spirit.This author became, like Akhmatova, his "poetic godmother" and discoverer, in the cultural memory of his generation and, by chance, the greatest gift that Russia made to the West. Thanks to him, the Soviet poets learned to be "Russian" again, cosmopolitan, genuinely modern and, in a way, even postmodern.His...
Post a Comment
Read more

Agustín Acosta and Bello Biography

Agustín Acosta y Bello (Matanzas, 1886-Miami, 1976) Cuban writer belonging to the group of postmodernist poets of the 1920s, who somewhat anticipated the artistic and social upheavals of the decade later. He obtained his doctorate in civil law and established himself as a notary in the city of Jagüey Grande (Matanzas).After suffering an imprisonment under the G.Machado regime, which kept him inactive for a time, with the change of government he was appointed provisional governor of Matanzas (1933-1934).Since then, he held various political positions, while participating in various newspapers and magazines such as Letras, El Fígaro, Diario de la Marina, El cubano libre, Ariel and Archipiélago among others..He left the country in 1973. Regarding his literary activity, in addition to the aforementioned collaborations, it is worth mentioning his essays and biographies that remain unpublished, on Ch.Baudelaire, A.de Lamartine and P.Verlaine among the most prominent.With Ala (19...
Post a Comment
Read more